This article explains how blockchain technology underpins Bitcoin, covering basic concepts such as distributed ledgers, cryptographic hash functions, digital signatures, hash pointers, Merkle trees, and the structure of Bitcoin's blockchain, while also highlighting broader applications and future considerations.
This article explains what NFTs are, how they differ from fungible assets, the underlying blockchain technology including Bitcoin and Ethereum, the mechanics of mining and consensus, and demonstrates the ERC‑721 smart‑contract interface that enables non‑fungible tokens.
This article explains the challenges of distributed consistency in decentralized environments and provides an in‑depth overview of classic consensus algorithms such as PBFT, Proof‑of‑Work, and Proof‑of‑Stake, including their mechanisms, limitations, and suitable application scenarios.
The report summarizes SIGMOD/PODS 2019 in Amsterdam, covering a blockchain-focused keynote, the CDBTune paper on end‑to‑end automatic cloud database tuning using deep reinforcement learning, modern hardware research, award‑winning systems, and related industry activities, providing a comprehensive academic overview.
This article traces the history of the web from its early portal‑centric days through Web 2.0’s social and video innovations, highlights the shortcomings of centralized platforms, and explains how blockchain, decentralized autonomous organizations, NFTs and the metaverse shape the emerging Web 3.0 era.
This article explains how DAO—decentralized autonomous organizations built on blockchain—enable anyone with an idea to create a self‑governing company in the Web3.0 era, covering its core principles, essential components, incentive mechanisms, disaster response, and popular tooling.
This tutorial walks you through the complete process of setting up a local Ethereum node, developing and deploying a Solidity token contract with Truffle, generating Java wrappers using Web3j, and integrating the contract into an Android app to perform transfers and balance queries.
This article examines the current status, strategic importance, and underlying reasons for federated learning and blockchain, compares their similarities and differences, and explores how their complementary strengths can be combined to create trusted, privacy‑preserving, and value‑transfer solutions in the digital economy.
The People's Bank of China has published the JR/T 0184‑2020 Financial Distributed Ledger Technology Security Specification, the country's first blockchain‑related standard for the financial sector, with JD Digital Technology playing a key drafting role and industry experts predicting it will steer the sector away from chaotic growth.
The article presents JD.com’s ZhiZhen Chain blockchain platform, detailing its open‑source JD Chain engine, component‑based architecture, high‑throughput performance, cryptographic innovations, BaaS services, and real‑world applications in supply‑chain traceability, digital evidence, asset‑backed securities, and digital finance, highlighting extensive deployment statistics and future innovation directions.
In this speech, JD Chain chief architect Huang Haiquan discusses three core blockchain questions, JD's blockchain architecture and practice, and introduces the JD Chain open-source project, highlighting use cases such as vaccine traceability and outlining the evolution of next‑generation blockchain architecture.
This article proposes a blockchain-based alliance for financial risk data sharing, detailing the post‑transaction accounting and audit mechanisms, token‑based settlement processes, various transaction types, and the scalability considerations for onboarding new institutions, aiming to improve data quality, pricing fairness, and ecosystem governance.
The article analyses the shortcomings of traditional seller‑driven financial risk data queries and proposes a blockchain consortium that uses distributed ledger, consensus, smart contracts and token‑based pricing to enable fair, secure, and efficient data sharing and settlement among financial institutions.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Cosmos blockchain ecosystem, explaining its hub‑and‑zone architecture, Tendermint consensus, IBC cross‑chain communication, and the Cosmos‑SDK framework for building custom blockchains, while comparing it to other modular platforms like Polkadot.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of blockchain technology, explaining its structure, cryptographic foundations, and how Bitcoin and Ethereum operate, including mining, transaction processes, smart contracts, and ICOs, while also highlighting regulatory concerns and common misconceptions.
This article explains the fundamentals of Bitcoin wallet key management, covering the relationships between private keys, public keys, and addresses, the different wallet types, and the essential BIP standards (BIP‑0032, BIP‑0039, BIP‑0043, BIP‑0044) that define deterministic key derivation and mnemonic generation.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Polkadot, explaining its relay‑chain and parachain architecture, cross‑chain interoperability goals, detailed transaction lifecycle across five stages, the nominated proof‑of‑stake (NPoS) consensus mechanism, and the growing ecosystem of applications built on the platform.
This article outlines multiple Ethereum RPC attack techniques—including unlock‑account hijacking, miner‑address manipulation, brute‑force, offline, and zero‑fee attacks—provides detailed attack flow diagrams, code‑path references, recent honeypot statistics, and practical defense measures to secure RPC endpoints.
This article explains what blockchain is, classifies public, consortium and private blockchains, describes block anatomy including headers and bodies, introduces the genesis block, outlines what can be stored in blocks, and provides a detailed breakdown of Bitcoin's block structure and fields.
This article explains how Bitcoin implements a decentralized electronic currency system by combining P2P networking, blockchain ledger structures, cryptographic signatures, proof‑of‑work consensus, and final consistency to achieve secure, tamper‑resistant storage and transaction processing.