This comprehensive guide explains DNS fundamentals, its distributed hierarchical structure, TCP/UDP usage, top‑level domains, resolution workflow, caching, smart routing, BIND configuration, load balancing, sub‑domain delegation, debugging tools, and security considerations such as amplification attacks.
This comprehensive guide explains what HAProxy is, its core features and performance, how to install and configure it for L7 and L4 load balancing, implement health checks, session persistence, monitoring, and achieve high availability with Keepalived on Linux systems.
This guide walks you through Nginx's high‑performance architecture, explains forward and reverse proxy concepts, demonstrates load‑balancing and static‑dynamic separation techniques, shows step‑by‑step installation and common commands, and details a high‑availability setup with Keepalived, all illustrated with practical examples and diagrams.
This article explains the background of Server Load Balancing (SLB), details its three transmission modes—reverse proxy, transparent, and triangle—illustrates packet interactions with TCP and HTTP flows, and provides analysis of each mode using Wireshark captures.
This article explains the background of server load balancing (SLB), compares layer‑4 and layer‑7 implementations, and details three transmission modes—reverse proxy, transparent, and triangle—illustrating packet flows, configuration examples, and security considerations with diagrams and analysis.
This article explains the background of server load balancing (SLB), compares layer‑4 and layer‑7 approaches, and details the three SLB transmission modes—reverse proxy, transparent pass‑through, and triangle—including packet‑level analysis and practical considerations.
This article explains load balancing fundamentals using simple comic illustrations, showing how a load balancer distributes client requests across multiple servers, prevents overload, improves uptime, and integrates with cloud services like AWS and Azure.
This article walks through the step‑by‑step evolution of a Java‑based e‑commerce system—from a single‑server monolith to a fully distributed architecture with load balancing, read/write separation, caching, sharding, and service decomposition—highlighting the motivations, challenges, and key design decisions at each stage.
This article explains the evolution of project architectures—from single‑server MVC to RPC, SOA, and micro‑services—while defining key terms such as clusters, load balancing methods, and various caching strategies essential for high‑concurrency, large‑scale backend systems.
This comprehensive guide explains Nginx's core concepts—including reverse proxy, load balancing, static‑dynamic separation, common commands, configuration blocks, and high‑availability setup with Keepalived—providing practical examples, diagrams, and code snippets for reliable server deployment.
This guide walks through HAProxy's role as a high‑performance, layer‑4/7 load balancer, details its installation, compilation, configuration files, integration with Keepalived for failover, troubleshooting tips, and testing procedures to build a resilient web service architecture.
This article explains what load balancing is, its role in distributing traffic across server clusters, outlines the various layer‑based classifications (L2‑L7), compares popular software solutions such as LVS, Nginx and HAProxy, and reviews common load‑balancing algorithms and their use cases.
This step‑by‑step guide shows how to create a highly available Nginx load‑balancing cluster with Keepalived in both master‑slave and dual‑master configurations, covering server preparation, Nginx and Keepalived setup, VIP handling, testing, and a watchdog script to ensure service continuity.
This guide walks you through installing Keepalived via yum or source, explains the main configuration sections—including global definitions, VRRP instances, and virtual servers—and details each directive’s purpose, enabling you to set up reliable high‑availability load balancing on Linux systems.
Keepalived, a C‑based routing failover tool originally built for LVS, uses the VRRP protocol to provide high‑availability for services like Nginx, HAProxy, and MySQL, managing virtual IPs, health checks, and rapid failover within seconds.
This article explains Nginx's role as an HTTP, reverse‑proxy, and mail server, introduces load‑balancing concepts, details the upstream and proxy modules, compares scheduling algorithms, and provides step‑by‑step configuration examples with code snippets to set up a functional load‑balancing environment.
This article explains how web load balancing distributes HTTP/HTTPS requests across multiple servers to improve concurrency, availability, and scalability, covering DNS round‑robin, CDN acceleration, IP load balancing, reverse proxy, and layer‑4 techniques with practical insights and diagrams.
This article explains the concepts of forward and reverse proxies, compares their operation and use cases, and shows how they differ in client configuration, security, and load‑balancing, providing clear examples and visual illustrations for practical understanding.
This article introduces Nginx, compares its high‑performance features and resource efficiency with Apache, explains its core functions such as reverse proxy, load balancing and caching, provides performance test results, and details virtual‑host concepts and types for effective web server selection.
This article explains what a server cluster is, why organizations adopt clusters for performance, cost, scalability and reliability, outlines the main cluster categories such as load‑balancing, high‑availability and HPC, and offers guidance on selecting appropriate software and hardware solutions.