2023 Stack Overflow Developer Survey: Popular Languages, Databases, Frameworks, and AI Tools
According to the 2023 Stack Overflow Developer Survey of over 90,000 respondents, JavaScript remains the top language, Python overtakes SQL, PostgreSQL surpasses MySQL as the leading database, Node.js and React dominate web technologies, and AI tools like ChatGPT are widely adopted, with insights on salaries and usage trends.
Stack Overflow released its 2023 Developer Survey report, which gathered responses from more than 90,000 developers worldwide.
Most Popular Programming Languages
JavaScript has been the most popular language for 11 consecutive years, while Python has moved ahead of SQL to become the third‑most popular language. Other languages such as Bash/Shell, C, Ruby, Perl and Erlang all rose one rank.
Highest‑Paying Programming Languages
Zig developers earn a median annual salary of $103,611 (≈ ¥740,000). Zig is positioned as a general‑purpose language focused on stability, maintainability and performance, aiming to replace C in system programming. Clojure, which topped last year’s salary list, fell to fifth place.
PHP and Dart rank at the bottom of the salary chart.
Most Popular Databases
PostgreSQL has overtaken MySQL to become the most popular database this year. Among professional developers, 49.09% use PostgreSQL (up 2.61% YoY), MySQL holds 40.59%, SQLite 30.17%, DynamoDB 10.31% (surpassing Oracle), and Oracle 10.06%.
For learners, MySQL is used by 45.71% of respondents, MongoDB follows at 28.15%, and SQLite at 26.93%.
Most Popular Web Frameworks and Technologies
Node.js and React.js are the two most popular web technologies; professional developers use them at similar rates, while learners favor Node.js (52% vs 48% for React). Other widely used tools include jQuery, Express, Angular, Next.js and Vue.js.
Most Popular Integrated Development Environment
Visual Studio Code remains the top IDE, with usage rising from 75% to 81% of all respondents.
Most Popular AI Search Tools
ChatGPT is the leading AI search tool, used by 83% of respondents, followed by Bing AI (20%), WolframAlpha (13%) and Google Bard AI (10%).
Most Popular AI Development Tools
GitHub Copilot leads with 55% adoption, followed by Tabnine (13%) and AWS CodeWhisperer (5%).
Trust in AI Tools
Less than 3% of users highly trust AI tools’ accuracy, while about 6% express strong distrust. Around 39% have moderate trust, 30% have no trust, and the remainder are neutral.
Developer Scenarios for Using AI Tools
The vast majority use AI to help write code; other uses include debugging, documentation, learning codebases, and testing.
Expectations for Future AI Tool Usage
Both professional developers and learners believe that AI tools will change development workflows within the next year.
For the full report, visit https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2023/ .
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