2023 Stack Overflow Survey: Top Languages, Databases & AI Tools Uncovered
Based on responses from over 90,000 developers, the 2023 Stack Overflow Survey highlights JavaScript’s continued dominance, Zig as the highest‑earning language, PostgreSQL overtaking MySQL, Node.js and React leading web technologies, Visual Studio Code’s growing popularity, and ChatGPT’s prevalence as the top AI search tool.
Stack Overflow released its 2023 Developer Survey, gathering responses from more than 90,000 developers worldwide. The report covers developer demographics and trends in programming languages, databases, web technologies, IDEs, and AI tools.
Most Popular Programming Language
JavaScript has been the most popular language for 11 consecutive years. Python has overtaken SQL to become the third most popular language, while Bash/Shell, C, Ruby, Perl, and Erlang all moved up one rank.
Highest‑Earning Language
Zig developers reported a median annual income of $103,611 (≈ ¥740,000), making Zig the highest‑earning language in the survey.
Most Popular Database
PostgreSQL surpassed MySQL to become the most popular database among professional developers, with a usage share of 49.09%.
Most Popular Web Frameworks and Technologies
Node.js and React.js are the two most popular web technologies. Among learners, Node.js is slightly more popular than React (52% vs 48%). Other widely used technologies include jQuery, Express, Angular, Next.js, and Vue.js.
Most Popular Integrated Development Environment
Visual Studio Code remains the top IDE, with usage rising from 75% to 81% of respondents.
Most Popular AI Search Tool
ChatGPT is the leading AI search tool, used by 83% of developers, followed by Bing AI (20%), WolframAlpha (13%) and Google Bard (10%).
Most Popular AI Development Tool
GitHub Copilot is the most widely used AI coding assistant (55% of respondents), with Tabnine (13%) and AWS CodeWhisperer (5%) trailing behind.
Trust in AI Tools
Only less than 3% of developers fully trust AI tools, while about 6% have strong distrust. Approximately 39% express moderate trust, 30% have no trust, and the remainder are uncertain.
AI Tool Usage Scenarios
The majority of developers use AI tools to help write code. Other uses include debugging, documentation, learning codebases, and testing.
Future Expectations for AI Tools
Both professional developers and learners expect that AI tools will change development workflows within the next year.
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