52 Common Backend Components and Frameworks Overview

This article provides a comprehensive, categorized list of popular backend components and frameworks, each accompanied by its official website.

Web Containers

Tomcat https://tomcat.apache.org/

Jetty https://www.jetty.com/

JBoss https://www.jboss.org/

Resin https://caucho.com/products/resin

Databases

H2 https://h2database.com/

SQLite https://www.sqlite.org/

MySQL https://www.mysql.com/

Oracle https://www.oracle.com/index.html

SQL Server https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server/sql-server-downloads

PostgreSQL https://www.postgresql.org/

MariaDB https://mariadb.org/

Cache

Redis https://redis.io/

Memcached https://memcached.org/

Message Queues

Kafka https://kafka.apache.org/

RocketMQ https://rocketmq.apache.org/

Pulsar https://pulsar.apache.org/

RabbitMQ https://www.rabbitmq.com/

Load Balancing

LVS http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/

NGINX https://www.nginx.com/

Distributed Storage

Ceph https://docs.ceph.com/

HDFS https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r1.2.1/hdfs_design.html

Database Cluster

MHA https://github.com/yoshinorim/mha4mysql-manager

Distributed Coordination

ZooKeeper https://zookeeper.apache.org/

Big Data Related

Storm https://storm.apache.org/

Flink https://flink.apache.org/

Spark https://spark.apache.org/

HBase https://hbase.apache.org/

ClickHouse https://clickhouse.com/

Doris https://doris.apache.org/

Log Collection & Analysis

Filebeat https://www.elastic.co/beats/filebeat

Logstash https://www.elastic.co/logstash/

Kibana https://www.elastic.co/kibana

Search

Elasticsearch https://www.elastic.co/

System Monitoring

SkyWalking https://skywalking.apache.org/

zipkin https://zipkin.io/

Sharding & Table Partitioning

ShardingSphere https://shardingsphere.apache.org/

Mycat2 http://mycatone.top/

Microservices

Spring Cloud https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud

RPC Frameworks

Dubbo https://github.com/apache/dubbo

gRPC https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java

Network Framework

Netty https://netty.io/

MVC Frameworks

Spring Framework https://spring.io/projects/spring-framework

Spring Boot https://spring.io/projects/spring-boot

Data Layer Frameworks

MyBatis https://github.com/mybatis/mybatis-3

MyBatis-Plus https://github.com/baomidou/mybatis-plus

Hibernate http://hibernate.org/orm/

Database Connection Pools

HikariCP https://github.com/brettwooldridge/HikariCP

Druid https://github.com/alibaba/druid

Redis Clients

Jedis https://github.com/xetorthio/jedis

Redisson https://github.com/redisson/redisson

REST API Design & Development

Swagger https://swagger.io/

Data Validation

Hibernate Validator https://hibernate.org/validator/

Security

Shiro https://shiro.apache.org/

Bouncy Castle https://www.bouncycastle.org/java.html

jjwt https://github.com/jwtk/jjwt

Reactive Programming

Akka https://akka.io/

RxJava https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxJava

vert.x https://vertx.io/

Unit Testing

JUnit https://junit.org/junit5/

Testing Utilities

JMockit http://jmockit.github.io/

Mockito https://github.com/mockito/mockito

JMeter http://jmeter.apache.org/

Selenium https://www.selenium.dev/

Logging

Log4j2 https://logging.apache.org/log4j/

Logback http://logback.qos.ch/

SLF4J http://www.slf4j.org/

Code Quality Checks

Checkstyle https://github.com/checkstyle/checkstyle

Spotbugs https://github.com/spotbugs/spotbugs

Code Generation

Lombok https://projectlombok.org/

Domain Specific Language

ANTLR https://www.antlr.org/

Configuration Parsing

config https://github.com/lightbend/config

Serialization Formats

Avro https://avro.apache.org/

Thrift https://thrift.apache.org/

Protobuf https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf

Template Engines

Freemarker https://freemarker.apache.org/

Thymeleaf https://www.thymeleaf.org/

Office Document Processing

POI https://poi.apache.org/

PDF Processing

iText https://itextpdf.com/en

Apache PDFBox https://pdfbox.apache.org/

High‑Performance Queues

Disruptor https://lmax-exchange.github.io/disruptor/

HTTP Clients

Async Http Client https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client

Feign https://github.com/OpenFeign/feign

Retrofit https://square.github.io/retrofit/

QR Code Parsing

ZXing https://github.com/zxing/zxing

Scheduled Tasks

Quartz https://github.com/quartz-scheduler/quartz

JSON Parsing

Gson https://github.com/google/gson

Jackson https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson

fastjson https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson

Distributed Transactions

Seata https://github.com/seata/seata

Property Mapping

MapStruct https://github.com/mapstruct/mapstruct

Local Caches

Ehcache http://www.ehcache.org/

Caffeine https://github.com/ben-manes/caffeine

System Debugging & Optimization

JMH http://openjdk.java.net/projects/code-tools/jmh/

Arthas https://github.com/alibaba/arthas

Command‑Line Argument Parsing

JCommander http://jcommander.org/

Computer Vision

JavaCV https://github.com/bytedeco/javacv

Utility Libraries

Guava https://github.com/google/guava

Hutool https://hutool.cn/

Build Tools

Maven https://maven.apache.org/

Gradle https://gradle.org/

Bazel https://bazel.build/

Local System Development

JNA https://github.com/java-native-access/jna

JVM

Adopt Open JDK https://adoptopenjdk.net/

Graal https://github.com/oracle/graal

Open JDK https://openjdk.java.net/

Multi‑Version Java Support

jenv https://github.com/jenv/jenv

Crawling

Nutch https://nutch.apache.org/

Crawler4j https://github.com/yasserg/crawler4j

jsoup https://jsoup.org/

webmagic https://github.com/code4craft/webmagic