Analysis of Modern Web Development Practices from ByteDance Survey

Programming Languages

ES6+ and TypeScript are the overwhelming majority, chosen by 88.4% and 77.63% of respondents respectively, while nearly half still select ES5. Among non‑JS languages, Python, Go, and Rust rank highest (12.75%, 11.11%, 7.35%). Java appears in the "Other languages" category (6.54%).

Developers using non‑JS languages also continue to adopt front‑end CSS technologies, React, and SSR without a noticeable drop, indicating most participants are front‑end engineers.

Python, Go, and Rust users tend to employ these languages for machine learning, tooling, or WebAssembly rather than traditional back‑end services.

Dart usage is low (5%), suggesting limited adoption of Flutter in front‑end scenarios.

CSS Technologies

Less (59.8%) and SCSS (55.72%) remain the most popular CSS preprocessors, with CSS Modules used by 51.14% of developers, reflecting a strong demand for modular CSS.

PostCSS follows with 38.24% adoption, and styled‑components lead the CSS‑in‑JS space at 34.31%.

Developers who choose styled‑components also show higher adoption of CSS Modules, indicating complementary usage.

UI Technologies

React (80.07%) and Vue (65.2%) dominate the UI layer. TypeScript users favor React (87.63%) while Vue usage slightly declines among them.

Preact and Svelte have modest adoption (4.08% and 5.07%). Vanilla JS usage rises among ES5 selectors.

Electron is the most common cross‑platform technology (17.48%).

State Management & Data Logic

Redux is the leading state‑management solution (55.56%), with 96.76% of its users also using React.

Vue users primarily adopt Vuex (77.69%). Hooks + Context is chosen by 51.96% and often co‑exists with Redux.

RTK and Dva are emerging higher‑level APIs for Redux, while Recoil, React Query, RxJS, GraphQL/Apollo, and XState have niche but notable presence.

Server‑Side Development

Front‑end developers mainly need BFF APIs (73.53%), with REST (66.18%) and WebSocket (30.56%) being prevalent; GraphQL lags at 14.38%.

SSR adoption surpasses static and dynamic HTML, and its usage correlates with REST API and framework choices (Next.js, Nuxt.js, Umi).

Koa and Express dominate server‑side frameworks (54.74% and 49.51%). Cloud functions are used by 20.42% of respondents.

Build & Engineering Tools

Webpack remains the de‑facto build tool (94.28%); Rollup users almost always also use Webpack.

Vite (35.62%) and ESBuild (22.71%) are gaining traction.

Umi and Next.js are the most popular framework‑level solutions (25.33% and 16.5%).

Micro‑frontend and monorepo practices have noticeable adoption (25.16% and 19.93%).

Development Environment

VSCode is the dominant IDE (91.67%); WebStorm trails at 21.9%.

Prettier enjoys higher adoption (42.97%) than ESLint (39.71%), and users of one often adopt the other.

The survey confirms that the observed trends align with the expectations and design goals of the Modern.js project.