Backend Programming Languages and Databases Used by Major Websites

The following list shows the front‑end, back‑end programming languages and databases used by several large‑scale websites.

1. Google.com

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: C, C++, Go, Java, Python

Database: BigTable, MariaDB

2. YouTube.com

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: C/C++, Python, Java, Go

Database: BigTable, MariaDB

3. Facebook.com

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: Hack, PHP (HHVM), Python, C++, Java, Erlang, D, Xhp, Haskell

Database: MySQL, HBase, Cassandra

4. Yahoo

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: JavaScript, PHP

Database: MySQL, PostgreSQL

5. Amazon.com

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: Java, C++, Perl

Database: Oracle

6. Wikipedia.org

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: PHP, Hack

Database: MySQL, MariaDB

7. Twitter.com

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: C++, Java, Scala, Ruby on Rails

Database: MySQL

8. Bing

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: ASP.NET

Database: Microsoft SQL Server

9. eBay.com

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: Java, JavaScript

Database: Oracle

10. MSN

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: ASP.NET

Database: Microsoft SQL Server

11. Microsoft

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: ASP.NET

Database: Microsoft SQL Server

12. Linkedin.com

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: Java, JavaScript, Scala

Database: Voldemort

13. Pinterest

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: Django (Python framework), Erlang

Database: MySQL, Redis

14. WordPress.com

Front‑end: JavaScript

Back‑end: PHP, JavaScript (Node.js)

Database: MySQL