Build a Docker‑Based Kafka Cluster and Integrate It with Spring Boot

Versions

JDK 14, Zookeeper, Kafka

Install Zookeeper and Kafka

Kafka depends on Zookeeper, so set up a Docker‑Compose file and replace the host address 192.168.1.100 with your own.

version: "3"
services:
  zookeeper:
    image: zookeeper
    container_name: zookeeper
    ports:
      - "2181:2181"
    volumes:
      - ./data/zookeeper/data:/data
      - ./data/zookeeper/datalog:/datalog
      - ./data/zookeeper/logs:/logs
    restart: always
  kafka_node_0:
    depends_on:
      - zookeeper
    container_name: kafka-node-0
    image: wurstmeister/kafka
    environment:
      KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 0
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: 192.168.1.100:2181
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://192.168.1.100:9092
      KAFKA_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9092
      KAFKA_NUM_PARTITIONS: 3
      KAFKA_DEFAULT_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 2
    ports:
      - "9092:9092"
    volumes:
      - ./data/kafka/node_0:/kafka
    restart: unless-stopped
  kafka_node_1:
    depends_on:
      - kafka_node_0
    container_name: kafka-node-1
    image: wurstmeister/kafka
    environment:
      KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 1
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: 192.168.1.100:2181
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://192.168.1.100:9093
      KAFKA_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9093
      KAFKA_NUM_PARTITIONS: 3
      KAFKA_DEFAULT_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 2
    ports:
      - "9093:9093"
    volumes:
      - ./data/kafka/node_1:/kafka
    restart: unless-stopped
  kafka_node_2:
    depends_on:
      - kafka_node_1
    container_name: kafka-node_2
    image: wurstmeister/kafka
    environment:
      KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 2
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: 192.168.1.100:2181
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://192.168.1.100:9094
      KAFKA_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://0.0.0.0:9094
      KAFKA_NUM_PARTITIONS: 3
      KAFKA_DEFAULT_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 2
    ports:
      - "9094:9094"
    volumes:
      - ./data/kafka/node_2:/kafka
    restart: unless-stopped

Run docker-compose up -d and wait until the containers start successfully.

Spring Boot Integration

Add the required dependencies to build.gradle:

dependencies {
    // other dependencies …
    implementation 'org.springframework.kafka:spring-kafka:2.5.2.RELEASE'
    implementation 'com.alibaba:fastjson:1.2.71'
}

Configure Kafka properties in application.properties:

spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers=192.168.1.100:9092,192.168.1.100:9093,192.168.1.100:9094
spring.kafka.producer.retries=0
spring.kafka.producer.batch-size=16384
spring.kafka.producer.buffer-memory=33554432
spring.kafka.producer.key-serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
spring.kafka.producer.value-serializer=org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
spring.kafka.consumer.auto-offset-reset=latest
spring.kafka.consumer.enable-auto-commit=true
spring.kafka.consumer.auto-commit-interval=100

Create a message POJO:

public class Message {
    private Long id;
    private String message;
    private Date sendAt;
}

Implement a sender component:

public class Sender {
    @Autowired
    private KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate;

    public void send() {
        Message message = new Message();
        message.setId(System.currentTimeMillis());
        message.setMessage(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        message.setSendAt(new Date());
        log.info("message = {}", JSON.toJSONString(message));
        kafkaTemplate.send("test", JSON.toJSONString(message));
    }
}

Implement a receiver component:

public class Receiver {
    @KafkaListener(topics = {"test"}, groupId = "test")
    public void listen(ConsumerRecord<?, ?> record) {
        Optional<?> message = Optional.ofNullable(record.value());
        if (message.isPresent()) {
            log.info("receiver record = " + record);
            log.info("receiver message = " + message.get());
        }
    }
}

Expose a test endpoint to send messages:

public class QueueController {
    @Autowired
    private Sender sender;

    @PostMapping("/test")
    public void testQueue() {
        sender.send();
        sender.send();
        sender.send();
    }
}

After invoking the endpoint, you should see log entries confirming successful message production and consumption.

Thus a pseudo‑Kafka cluster is built with Docker and fully integrated into a Spring Boot application.