Build a Python-Based Electronic Attendance System: Step-by-Step Guide

Project Overview

The school needs an electronic attendance system. Students have already learned Python for big‑data applications, so they are asked to implement the student‑side attendance features. Existing code provides part of the functionality; the remaining parts are marked with #todo comments.

Data Files

Student information is stored in stu_infos.csv. The first line contains column headers (student number, name, password) and each subsequent line holds a student's data.

Attendance records are stored in attendance.csv. The first line contains column headers (student number, name, time, attendance status). The status can be one of four values: "出勤" (present), "迟到" (late), "请假" (leave), "缺勤" (absent).

System Structure

The teacher side consists of two Python files: main.py – entry program that loads data, handles login, and adds attendance records. stu_attendance.py – defines functions for data loading, login, adding records, and querying.

Task Requirements

Append a line with your own information to stu_infos.csv (your real name and student number, password can be arbitrary).

Examine the #todo comments in the two Python files, add the appropriate code, and provide the added code snippets.

Test the program, capture screenshots, and verify two scenarios: three consecutive login failures and a successful login followed by adding an attendance record.

Additional Feature

Add a query function that, given a student's name, returns all of that student's attendance records.

Import Modules

import csv
import time
student_infos = []

Load Data

def load_stu_info():
    """Load student information from stu_infos.csv"""
    with open("stu_infos.csv", encoding='utf-8-sig') as file:
        f_csv = csv.reader(file)
        header = next(f_csv)
        for row in f_csv:
            student_info = {}
            for index in range(3):
                student_info[header[index]] = row[index]
            student_infos.append(student_info)

Login

def login():
    """User logs in with student number and password.
    Allows up to three attempts; returns (True, student_no) on success,
    otherwise (False, None)."""
    retry_time = 0
    while retry_time < 3:
        user_no = input('请输入登录账号：')
        password = input('请输入密码：')
        for i in student_infos:
            if i['no'] == user_no and i['password'] == password:
                return True, user_no
        print('用户名或者密码错误！！！请重新输入。')
        retry_time += 1
    else:
        return False, None

Add Attendance Record

def add(user_no):
    for x in student_infos:
        if user_no == x['no']:
            name = x['name']
            break
    times = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
    choices = ['出勤', '迟到', '请假', '缺勤']
    a = int(input("\t该学生出勤情况：1-出勤\t2-迟到\t3-请假\t4-缺勤:"))
    if a == 1:
        data = choices[0]
    elif a == 2:
        data = choices[1]
    elif a == 3:
        data = choices[2]
    else:
        data = choices[3]
    with open("attendance.csv", 'a+', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        wf = csv.writer(f)
        wf.writerow([user_no, name, times, data])
        print("{}同学{}数据已经写入成功！操作时间是{}".format(name, data, times))

Query Attendance Records

def select():
    student = []
    with open("attendance.csv", encoding='utf-8-sig') as file:
        f_csv = csv.reader(file)
        header = next(f_csv)
        for row in f_csv:
            students = {}
            for index in range(4):
                students[header[index]] = row[index]
            student.append(students)
    name = input("请输入你需要查找的姓名：")
    print("  学号\t\t姓名\t\t操作时间\t\t出勤状态")
    for a in student:
        if a['name'] == name:
            print(a['no'] + '\t' + a['name'] + '\t' + a['time'] + '\t\t' + a['state'])
        else:
            print("无此人！！！")
            break

Main Function (main.py)

from student.stu_attendance import *
if __name__ == '__main__':
    load_stu_info()
    success, stu_no = login()
    print(stu_no)
    if success:
        print('登录成功！')
        add(stu_no)
        q = int(input("你想要查询出勤数据吗？\tyes(1)--no(0)"))
        if q == 1:
            select()
        else:
            print('欢迎下次登录电子考勤系统')
    else:
        print('登录失败')

Running Effect

Screenshot examples of the program’s execution are shown below.