Backend Development 6 min read

Building a Simple PHP Message Board with MySQL

This tutorial guides you through creating a simple PHP message board, covering MySQL database setup, table design, and step‑by‑step PHP scripts for displaying a form, handling submissions, and listing comments, while also noting security and extension considerations.

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Aug 1, 2023

Building a Simple PHP Message Board with MySQL

留言板是一个常见的Web应用程序，用于保存和展示用户提交的留言或评论。本文介绍如何使用PHP和MySQL实现一个简单的留言板。

首先创建名为 messages 的数据库，并在其中创建 comments 表，包含 id、name、email、message、created_at 等字段。

CREATE DATABASE messages;

USE messages;

CREATE TABLE comments (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    message TEXT NOT NULL,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

表结构说明：

id：自增主键，用于唯一标识每条留言

name：留言者姓名，最多50字符

email：留言者邮箱，最多50字符

message：留言内容，使用 TEXT 存储

created_at：创建时间，使用时间戳记录

接下来创建 index.php ，其中包含一个HTML表单用于提交姓名、邮箱和留言，并在页面底部预留显示留言列表的区域。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>留言板</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>留言板</h1>
    <form method="POST" action="save_comment.php">
        <label for="name">姓名：</label>
        <input type="text" id="name" name="name" required><br>
        <label for="email">邮箱：</label>
        <input type="email" id="email" name="email" required><br>
        <label for="message">留言：</label><br>
        <textarea id="message" name="message" required></textarea><br>
        <input type="submit" value="提交留言">
    </form>

    <h2>留言列表</h2>
    <?php
    // TODO: 显示留言列表
    ?>
</body>
</html>

然后编写 save_comment.php ，负责连接数据库、接收表单数据并使用 INSERT 语句保存到 comments 表，成功或失败后输出相应提示。

<?php
// 连接数据库
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "your_password";
$dbname = "messages";

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("数据库连接失败: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// 处理表单提交
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    $name = $_POST["name"];
    $email = $_POST["email"];
    $message = $_POST["message"];

    // 保存留言到数据库
    $sql = "INSERT INTO comments (name, email, message) VALUES ('$name', '$email', '$message')";

    if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
        echo "留言提交成功。";
    } else {
        echo "留言提交失败: " . $conn->error;
    }
}

// 关闭连接
$conn->close();
?>

最后在 index.php 中的 TODO 部分加入查询并显示留言列表的代码：

// 查询留言列表
$sql = "SELECT * FROM comments ORDER BY created_at DESC";
$result = $conn->query($sql);

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
    while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
        echo "<p><strong>{$row['name']}</strong> [{$row['email']}]<br>{$row['message']}</p>";
        echo "<small>{$row['created_at']}</small>";
    }
} else {
    echo "暂无留言。";
}

至此，一个基本的留言板已完成，用户可以提交留言并查看列表，后续可加入分页、回复、输入验证等功能以提升安全性和可用性。

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