Combining Multiple Plots in R and Python Using patchwork and patchworklib

Problem: How to combine several individual plots into one composite figure.

R solution (patchwork): Install the package and use the # install.packages("devtools") devtools::install_github("thomasp85/patchwork") command. Load the libraries and create plots with library(ggplot2) library(patchwork) p1 <- ggplot(mtcars) + geom_point(aes(mpg, disp)) p2 <- ggplot(mtcars) + geom_boxplot(aes(gear, disp, group = gear)) p1 + p2 to place two plots side by side. For more complex layouts, define additional plots and combine them, e.g., p3 <- ggplot(mtcars) + geom_smooth(aes(disp, qsec)) p4 <- ggplot(mtcars) + geom_bar(aes(carb)) (p1 | p2 | p3) / p4 , producing a two‑row layout with three plots on the first row and one on the second.

Python solution (patchworklib): Install the library with pip3 install patchworklib . Use it to arrange Matplotlib/Seaborn/plotnine figures. Example code: import patchworklib as pw import seaborn as sns fmri = sns.load_dataset("fmri") ax1 = pw.Brick(figsize=(3,2)) sns.lineplot(x="timepoint", y="signal", hue="region", style="event", data=fmri, ax=ax1) ax1.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1.0), loc='upper left') ax1.set_title("ax1") titanic = sns.load_dataset("titanic") ax2 = pw.Brick(figsize=(1,2)) sns.barplot(x="sex", y="survived", hue="class", data=titanic, ax=ax2) ax2.move_legend(new_loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1.0)) ax2.set_title("ax2") ax12 = ax1 | ax2 ax12.savefig("ax12.png")

Further examples show how to combine more plots using the | (horizontal) and / (vertical) operators, such as #省略 ax1、ax2、ax4绘制过程 ax124 = ax1|ax2|ax4 ax124.savefig("../img/ax124.png") and #省略 ax124、ax3、ax5绘制过程 ax12435 = ax124/(ax3|ax5) ax12435.savefig("../img/ax12435.png") , demonstrating flexible grid constructions.