Common Design Patterns in Python
This article lists and briefly describes fifteen widely used design patterns in Python, including Singleton, Factory, Abstract Factory, Builder, Prototype, Adapter, Decorator, Proxy, Observer, Strategy, Template Method, Iterator, Chain of Responsibility, Command, and State patterns.
Common design patterns in Python are listed below.
1. Singleton Pattern: Ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global access point.
2. Factory Pattern: Uses a factory method to create objects instead of direct instantiation; the factory decides which type to create based on parameters or conditions.
3. Abstract Factory Pattern: Provides an interface or abstract class for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying concrete classes.
4. Builder Pattern: Constructs complex objects step by step, separating construction from representation so the same process can create different representations.
5. Prototype Pattern: Creates new objects by copying existing ones rather than instantiating new classes.
6. Adapter Pattern: Converts the interface of a class into another interface that clients expect, allowing incompatible interfaces to work together.
7. Decorator Pattern: Dynamically adds additional responsibilities to an object without changing its interface.
8. Proxy Pattern: Provides a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access and add behavior before or after the request.
9. Observer Pattern: Defines a one-to-many dependency so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.
10. Strategy Pattern: Defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and makes them interchangeable, allowing algorithmic changes independent of clients.
11. Template Method Pattern: Defines the skeleton of an algorithm in a method, deferring some steps to subclasses.
12. Iterator Pattern: Provides a way to access elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing its underlying representation.
13. Chain of Responsibility Pattern: Decouples sender and receiver by passing a request along a chain of handlers until one handles it.
14. Command Pattern: Encapsulates a request as an object, allowing parameterization of clients with different requests.
15. State Pattern: Allows an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes, appearing as if it changed its class.
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