Operations 9 min read

Common Git Commands Cheat Sheet

This guide presents a comprehensive collection of frequently used Git commands—including common operations, alias setup, repository creation, committing, history viewing, undoing changes, branch and tag management, merging, rebasing, remote handling, archiving, and configuration—organized for quick reference by developers.

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Common Git Commands Cheat Sheet

This guide presents a comprehensive collection of frequently used Git commands—including common operations, alias setup, repository creation, committing, history viewing, undoing changes, branch and tag management, merging, rebasing, remote handling, archiving, and configuration—organized for quick reference by developers.

1. Common

<code>git remote add origin [email protected]:yeszao/dofiler.git         # 配置远程git版本库
git pull origin master                                          # 下载代码及快速合并 
git push origin master                                          # 上传代码及快速合并
git fetch origin                                                # 从远程库获取代码

git branch                                                      # 显示所有分支
git checkout master                                             # 切换到master分支
git checkout -b dev                                             # 创建并切换到dev分支
git commit -m "first version"                                   # 提交

git status                                                      # 查看状态
git log                                                         # 查看提交历史

git config --global core.editor vim                             # 设置默认编辑器为vim(git默认用nano)
git config core.ignorecase false                                # 设置大小写敏感
git config --global user.name "YOUR NAME"                       # 设置用户名
git config --global user.email "YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS"  # 设置邮箱</code>

2. Alias

<code>git config --global alias.br="branch"                 # 创建/查看本地分支
git config --global alias.co="checkout"               # 切换分支
git config --global alias.cb="checkout -b"            # 创建并切换到新分支
git config --global alias.cm="commit -m"              # 提交
git config --global alias.st="status"                 # 查看状态
git config --global alias.pullm="pull origin master"  # 拉取分支
git config --global alias.pushm="push origin master"  # 提交分支
git config --global alias.log="git log --oneline --graph --decorate --color=always" # 单行、分颜色显示记录
git config --global alias.logg="git log --graph --all --format=format:'%C(bold blue)%h%C(reset) - %C(bold green)(%ar)%C(reset) %C(white)%s%C(reset) %C(bold white)— %an%C(reset)%C(bold yellow)%d%C(reset)' --abbrev-commit --date=relative" # 复杂显示</code>

3. Create Repository

<code>git clone <url>                 # 克隆远程版本库
git init                        # 初始化本地版本库</code>

4. Modify and Commit

<code>git status                      # 查看状态
git diff                        # 查看变更内容
git add .                       # 跟踪所有改动过的文件
git add <file>                  # 跟踪指定的文件
git mv <old> <new>              # 文件改名
git rm <file>                   # 删除文件
git rm --cached <file>          # 停止跟踪文件但不删除
git commit -m "commit message"  # 提交所有更新过的文件
git commit --amend              # 修改最后一次提交</code>

5. View History

<code>git log                         # 查看提交历史
git log -p <file>               # 查看指定文件的提交历史
git blame <file>                # 以列表方式查看指定文件的提交历史</code>

6. Undo

<code>git reset --hard HEAD           # 撤消工作目录中所有未提交文件的修改内容
git reset --hard <version>      # 撤销到某个特定版本
git checkout HEAD <file>        # 撤消指定的未提交文件的修改内容
git checkout -- <file>          # 同上一个命令
git revert <commit>             # 撤消指定的提交分支与标签</code>

7. Branches and Tags

<code>git branch                      # 显示所有本地分支
git checkout <branch/tag>       # 切换到指定分支或标签
git branch <new-branch>         # 创建新分支
git branch -d <branch>          # 删除本地分支
git tag                         # 列出所有本地标签
git tag <tagname>               # 基于最新提交创建标签
git tag -a "v1.0" -m "一些说明"  # -a指定标签名称,-m指定标签说明
git tag -d <tagname>            # 删除标签

git checkout dev                # 合并特定的commit到dev分支上
git cherry-pick 62ecb3</code>

8. Merge and Rebase

<code>git merge <branch>              # 合并指定分支到当前分支
git merge --abort               # 取消当前合并,重建合并前状态
git merge dev -Xtheirs          # 以合并dev分支到当前分支,有冲突则以dev分支为准
git rebase <branch>             # 衍合指定分支到当前分支</code>

9. Remote Operations

<code>git remote -v                   # 查看远程版本库信息
git remote show <remote>        # 查看指定远程版本库信息
git remote add <remote> <url>   # 添加远程版本库
git remote remove <remote>      # 删除指定的远程版本库
git fetch <remote>              # 从远程库获取代码
git pull <remote> <branch>      # 下载代码及快速合并
git push <remote> <branch>      # 上传代码及快速合并
git push <remote> :<branch/tag-name> # 删除远程分支或标签
git push --tags                 # 上传所有标签</code>

10. Archive

<code>git archive --format=zip --output ../file.zip master    # 将master分支打包成file.zip文件,保存在上一级目录
git archive --format=zip --output ../v1.2.zip v1.2      # 打包v1.2标签的文件,保存在上一级目录v1.2.zip文件中
git archive --format=zip v1.2 > ../v1.2.zip  # 作用同上一条命令</code>

11. Global and Local Configuration

Global configuration is stored in: $HOME/.gitconfig

Local repository configuration is stored in: .git/config

12. Remote and Local Merge

<code>git init                              # 初始化本地代码仓
git add .                             # 添加本地代码
git commit -m "add local source"      # 提交本地代码
git pull origin master                # 下载远程代码
git merge master                      # 合并master分支
git push -u origin master             # 上传代码</code>
workflowgitcommand-lineversion controlBranchingalias
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