Common Laravel and PHP Interview Questions and Answers

The following are frequently asked Laravel and PHP interview questions designed to help beginners and experienced candidates find suitable positions.

1) What is Laravel?

Laravel is an open‑source PHP framework that follows the MVC pattern for building web applications and is released under the MIT license.

2) Define Composer.

Composer is a package manager for PHP that provides a standard format for managing dependencies and libraries.

3) What is HTTP middleware?

HTTP middleware is a technique for filtering HTTP requests; Laravel includes middleware to verify user authentication.

4) Names of aggregate query builder methods

The aggregate methods are max() , min() , sum() , avg() and count() .

5) What is a Route?

A route is an endpoint identified by a URI that points to a controller method and specifies which HTTP verbs may access it.

6) Why use Routes?

Routes are stored in the /routes directory and map requests to the appropriate application layer.

8) Important directories in a typical Laravel application

app/ : application code (controllers, models, policies).

config/ : configuration files.

database/ : migrations, seeders, factories.

public/ : publicly accessible files, including index.php .

9) What is a Controller?

A controller is the "C" in Laravel's MVC architecture.

10) Explain reverse routing in Laravel.

Reverse routing generates URLs based on route names, making applications more flexible.

12) Traits in Laravel

Traits are collections of methods that can be included in a class, similar to abstract classes but not directly instantiable.

13) Contracts in Laravel

Contracts are interfaces that define core services; the framework provides implementations for them.

14) Registering service providers

Service providers are registered in the config/app.php file by adding their class names to the providers array.

15) Defining facades

All facades reside in the Illuminate\Support\Facades namespace.

16) Difference between GET and POST

GET sends a limited amount of data via the request header, while POST sends larger payloads in the request body.

17) Packages included in Laravel 5.6

Envoy

Passport

Socialite

Cashier

Horizon

Scout

18) What is the service container?

The service container is Laravel's tool for performing dependency injection.

19) Enabling query logging

Use the enableQueryLog() method.

20) Events in Laravel

Events are actions that can be listened to; Laravel automatically fires events for various activities.

21) Dependency injection types

Constructor injection

Setter injection

Interface injection

22) Advantages of Laravel

Blade templating engine

Easy code reuse

Automatic class loading

Service container for building tools

Built‑in migration management

23) Validation concept

Validation ensures data conforms to expected formats before persisting to the database, using the ValidatesRequests trait.

24) What does ORM stand for?

Object‑Relational Mapping.

25) Reducing memory usage

Use the cursor() method when processing large data sets.

26) Eloquent relationship types

One‑to‑one

One‑to‑many

Many‑to‑many

Has‑many‑through

Polymorphic relationships

27) Laravel's template engine

Blade.

28) Supported databases

PostgreSQL

SQL Server

SQLite

MySQL

29) Importance of migrations

Migrations keep database schemas consistent across environments and enable version control of database changes.

30) Define Lumen

Lumen is a micro‑framework based on Laravel, optimized for building fast APIs.

31) PHP Artisan

Artisan is Laravel's command‑line tool that provides many helpful commands for development.

32) Generating links

Use helper functions such as url() or route() to create links in views and API responses.

33) Exception handling class

Exceptions are handled by App\Exceptions\Handler .

34) Common HTTP error codes

404 – Not Found; 401 – Unauthorized.

35) Fluent query builder

Provides a convenient interface for building and executing database queries.

36) Purpose of dd()

Dump and Die – prints variable contents and stops execution.

37) Common Artisan commands

php artisan down
php artisan up
php artisan make:controller
php artisan make:model
php artisan make:migration
php artisan make:middleware

38) Configuring mail sending

Laravel provides APIs to send emails locally or on a live server.

39) Authorization concept

Authorization verifies user credentials (username and password) via sessions.

40) Deleting records

delete() removes all records; softDeletes() marks them as deleted without removing them.

41) Generating a live sitemap.xml

Create a sitemap that informs search engines about site structure.

42) Faker in Laravel

Faker generates fake data for testing, such as numbers, addresses, dates, payments, and lorem text.

44) Difference between insert() and insertGetId()

insert() adds a record without returning the auto‑increment ID; insertGetId() returns the generated ID.

45) Active Record in Laravel

Models map to database tables, simplifying CRUD operations.

46) Basic Laravel concepts

Routing

Eloquent ORM

Middleware

Security

Cache

Blade templates

47) Implicit controllers

Define routes automatically using Route::controller() .

48) Custom table name in a model

Override the protected $table property.

49) What is MVC?

Model‑View‑Controller separates application logic (Model), UI (View), and request handling (Controller).

50) Define @include

Loads additional view files within a Blade template.

51) Cookies concept

Small files stored by the browser to retain data from a website.

52) File that establishes DB connection

The .env file.

53) What is Eloquent?

Eloquent is Laravel's ORM providing an active‑record implementation.

54) Built‑in authentication controllers

RegisterController, LoginController, ResetPasswordController, ForgetPasswordController.

55) Laravel Guard

Component that retrieves authenticated users, defined in config/auth.php .

56) API rate limiting

Laravel's throttling feature protects applications from DoS attacks.

57) Collections

Wrapper class for arrays offering chainable methods for query results.

58) DB Facade purpose

Runs raw SQL queries for creating, reading, updating, and deleting records.

59) Purpose of ORM

Allows developers to work with database records as objects without handling SQL directly.

60) Route concept

Maps HTTP requests to controller actions, supporting closures and URI patterns.

61) Ajax in Laravel

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML; Laravel uses response() and json() to return async data.

62) Session in Laravel

Stores user data across requests using drivers such as cookie, file, Memcached, or Redis.

63) Accessing session data

Retrieve the session instance and call get('key') .

64) Authentication vs. Authorization

Authentication verifies identity; authorization determines access permissions.

65) Listeners

Handle events and exceptions; e.g., LoginListener for login events.

66) Policy classes

Contain authorization logic for specific models or resources.

67) Rolling back the last migration

Run the appropriate artisan command (e.g., php artisan migrate:rollback ).

68) Laravel Dusk

Browser automation and testing tool for JavaScript‑enabled applications.

69) Laravel Echo

JavaScript library for subscribing to and listening for broadcasted events.

70) make() method

Creates instances of classes or interfaces via the service container.

71) Response in Laravel

Controllers and routes return responses (strings, views, JSON, etc.) to the browser.

72) Query scopes

Reusable query constraints defined on models and invoked via scopeName() .

73) Homestead

Official pre‑packaged Vagrant box providing a ready‑to‑use development environment.

74) Namespace

Groups classes, functions, and constants under a named scope.

76) CodeIgniter vs. Laravel

Parameter

CodeIgniter

Laravel

ORM support

No

Yes

Authentication

Provides

Built‑in

Programming paradigm

Component‑based

Object‑oriented

Database support

Many (SQL Server, Oracle, etc.)

PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB, SQL Server

HTTPS support

Partial

Custom HTTPS routes

77) Observers

Model observers listen for Eloquent events and handle them in dedicated methods.

78) Bootstrap directory purpose

Initialises the Laravel project; contains the app.php bootstrap file.

79) Default session timeout

Two hours.

80) Deleting compiled class files Run the clear-compiled Artisan command. 81) Location of robot.txt Placed in the public directory. 82) API.php routes Routes that belong to the API group, using stateless middleware without sessions. 83) Defining routes Method for generating route paths, typically via Route::get() , post() , etc. 84) Open‑source software Software whose source code is freely available for use, modification, and distribution. 85) Logging in Laravel Generates system error logs; supports drivers like syslog, daily, single, and errorlog. 86) Localization Supports multiple languages by storing translation files in resources/lang subfolders. 87) Hashing Transforms plain text into a secure hash using the Hash facade. 88) Encryption and decryption Encryption converts data into ciphertext using algorithms; decryption restores the original plaintext. 89) Sharing data with views Use the share('key', $value) method, typically in a service provider's boot() method. 90) web.php routes Public, browser‑based routes that include CSRF protection and session state. 91) Generating a request class php artisan make:request UploadFileRequest Source: https://blog.csdn.net/Alen_xiaoxin/article/details/104657902