Deploy MySQL 8.4 from Source with a Single Script Across Major Linux Distributions

2.4.2.5 Prepare environment variables

echo 'PATH=/apps/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
. /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

chown -R mysql:mysql /apps/mysql/

2.4.2.6 Generate database files

# /data/mysql will be created automatically, but /data must exist
# --initialize generates an initial password, --initialize-insecure generates an empty password
# Generate initial password
mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
# Example log output (truncated)
2025-04-30T14:21:27.126347Z 0 [System] [MY-015017] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - start.
2025-04-30T14:21:27.130746Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /apps/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.4.5) initializing of server progress as process 45248
2025-04-30T14:21:27.133400Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4.
2025-04-30T14:21:27.133406Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013244] [Server] --collation-server: 'utf8mb3_general_ci' is a collation of the deprecated character set UTF8MB3. Please consider using UTF8MB4 with an appropriate collation instead.
2025-04-30T14:21:28.313966Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: q&VUtowtA6!.
# Generate empty‑password root user
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/apps/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
2025-04-30T16:03:40.486647Z 0 [System] [MY-015017] [Server] MySQL Server Initialization - start.
2025-04-30T16:03:40.494615Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /apps/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.4.5) initializing of server progress as process 46287
2025-04-30T16:03:40.501884Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4.
2025-04-30T16:03:40.501891Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013244] [Server] --collation-server: 'utf8mb3_general_ci' is a collation of the deprecated character set UTF8MB3. Please consider using UTF8MB4 with an appropriate collation instead.
2025-04-30T16:03:41.857055Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

2.4.2.7 Prepare configuration file

cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=/apps/mysql/
datadir=/data/mysql
port=3306
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid

[client]
port=3306
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
EOF

2.4.2.8 Prepare startup script and start service

# Copy the appropriate systemd service file depending on the OS
# Rocky, AlmaLinux, CentOS, openEuler, Anolis, OpenCloudOS, Kylin, UOS, openSUSE
cp /apps/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
# Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS
cp /apps/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /lib/systemd/system/
# For Ubuntu 18.04/20.04/22.04 LTS and Debian 11/12 without a provided service file
cat > /lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now mysqld

2.4.2.9 Modify password

# If an empty password was generated, this step can be skipped
mysqladmin -u root -p'q&VUtowtA6!.' password 123456

2.4.2.10 Login test

mysql
mysql> status;
+-----------------------+
| Variable_name         |
+-----------------------+
| ... (output truncated) |
+-----------------------+
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

2.4.2.11 One‑click MySQL 8.4 source installation script

#!/bin/bash
# ------------------------------------------------------------
# Author: Raymond
# Description: Install MySQL 8.4 from source on many Linux OSes
# ------------------------------------------------------------
COLOR="echo -e \033[01;31m"
END='\033[0m'

# Detect OS name and version
os() {
    . /etc/os-release
    MAIN_NAME=$(sed -rn '/^NAME=/s@.*="([[:alpha:]]+).*"$@\1@p' /etc/os-release)
    if [[ $MAIN_NAME == "Kylin" ]]; then
        MAIN_VERSION_ID=$(sed -rn '/^VERSION_ID=/s@.*="([[:alpha:]]+)(.*)"$@\2@p' /etc/os-release)
    else
        MAIN_VERSION_ID=$(sed -rn '/^VERSION_ID=/s@.*="?([0-9]+)\.?*"?$@\1@p' /etc/os-release)
    fi
    if [[ $MAIN_NAME == "Ubuntu" || $MAIN_NAME == "Debian" ]]; then
        FULL_NAME="$PRETTY_NAME"
    elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "UOS" ]]; then
        FULL_NAME="$NAME"
    else
        FULL_NAME="$NAME$VERSION_ID"
    fi
}

os
SRC_DIR=/usr/local/src
INSTALL_DIR=/apps/mysql
DATA_DIR=/data/mysql
MYSQL_URL='https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.4/'
MYSQL_FILE='mysql-8.4.5.tar.gz'
CMAKE_URL='https://cmake.org/files/v3.31/'
CMAKE_FILE='cmake-3.31.7-linux-x86_64.tar.gz'
# ... (other URLs and file names omitted for brevity) ...

check_mysql_file() {
    if [[ $MAIN_NAME == "Rocky" || $MAIN_NAME == "AlmaLinux" || $MAIN_NAME == "CentOS" || $MAIN_NAME == "Anolis" || $MAIN_NAME == "OpenCloudOS" || $MAIN_NAME == "Kylin" ]]; then
        rpm -q wget &>/dev/null || { $COLOR "Installing wget..."; $END; yum -y install wget &>/dev/null; }
    fi
    if [[ ! -e $MYSQL_FILE ]]; then
        $COLOR "Downloading MySQL source package..."; $END
        wget ${MYSQL_URL}${MYSQL_FILE} || { $COLOR "MySQL source download failed!"; $END; exit 1; }
    else
        $COLOR "MySQL source package already present."; $END
    fi
}

# Similar functions for CMake, GCC, etc. are defined here (omitted for brevity)

install_mysql() {
    if [[ -d $INSTALL_DIR ]]; then
        $COLOR "MySQL already installed, aborting."; $END; exit 1;
    fi
    $COLOR "Starting MySQL installation..."; $END
    # Create mysql user/group
    id mysql &>/dev/null || { groupadd -r mysql; useradd -s /sbin/nologin -d $DATA_DIR -r -g mysql mysql; $COLOR "Created mysql user."; $END; }
    mkdir -p $DATA_DIR && chown -R mysql:mysql $DATA_DIR
    # Install dependencies based on OS (logic omitted for brevity)
    # Extract source and compile
    tar xf $MYSQL_FILE
    MYSQL_DIR=$(echo $MYSQL_FILE | sed -nr 's/^(.*[0-9]).*/\1/p')
    cd $MYSQL_DIR
    cmake \
        -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$INSTALL_DIR \
        -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=$DATA_DIR/mysql.sock \
        -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
        -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=$INSTALL_DIR \
        -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
        -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \
        -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
        -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
        -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
        -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
        -DMYSQL_DATADIR=$DATA_DIR \
        -DFORCE_INSOURCE_BUILD=1 \
        -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1
    make -j $(nproc) && make install
    if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
        $COLOR "MySQL compiled and installed successfully!"; $END
    else
        $COLOR "MySQL compilation failed, exiting!"; $END; exit 1;
    fi
    echo "PATH=$INSTALL_DIR/bin:\$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
    . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
    chown -R mysql:mysql $INSTALL_DIR
    mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=$INSTALL_DIR --datadir=$DATA_DIR
    cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=$INSTALL_DIR
datadir=$DATA_DIR
port=3306
socket=$DATA_DIR/mysql.sock
log-error=$DATA_DIR/mysql.log
pid-file=$DATA_DIR/mysql.pid

[client]
port=3306
socket=$DATA_DIR/mysql.sock
EOF
    # Copy appropriate systemd service file
    if [[ $MAIN_NAME == "Rocky" || $MAIN_NAME == "AlmaLinux" || $MAIN_NAME == "CentOS" || $MAIN_NAME == "openEuler" || $MAIN_NAME == "Anolis" || $MAIN_NAME == "OpenCloudOS" || $MAIN_NAME == "Kylin" || $MAIN_NAME == "UOS" || $MAIN_NAME == "openSUSE" ]]; then
        cp $INSTALL_DIR/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
    elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "Ubuntu" ]]; then
        cp $INSTALL_DIR/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /lib/systemd/system/
    elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "Debian" ]]; then
        cat > /lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=$INSTALL_DIR/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
    fi
    systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now mysqld
    if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
        $COLOR "Failed to start MySQL service, exiting!"; $END; exit 1;
    fi
    $COLOR "$FULL_NAME OS, MySQL installation completed!"; $END
}

main() {
    check_mysql_file
    # Additional checks for CMake, GCC, etc. would be called here
    install_mysql
}

# Dispatch based on detected OS and version
if [[ $MAIN_NAME == "Rocky" && $MAIN_VERSION_ID =~ ^(8|9|10)$ ]]; then
    main
elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "AlmaLinux" && $MAIN_VERSION_ID =~ ^(8|9|10)$ ]]; then
    main
elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "CentOS" && $MAIN_VERSION_ID =~ ^(7|8|9|10)$ ]]; then
    main
elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "openEuler" && $MAIN_VERSION_ID =~ ^(22|24)$ ]]; then
    main
elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "Anolis" && $MAIN_VERSION_ID =~ ^(8|23)$ ]]; then
    main
elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "OpenCloudOS" && $MAIN_VERSION_ID =~ ^(8|9)$ ]]; then
    main
elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "Kylin" && $MAIN_VERSION_ID == 10 ]]; then
    main
elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "UOS" && $MAIN_VERSION_ID == 20 ]]; then
    main
elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "openSUSE" && $MAIN_VERSION_ID == 15 ]]; then
    main
elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "Ubuntu" && $MAIN_VERSION_ID =~ ^(18|20|22|24)$ ]]; then
    main
elif [[ $MAIN_NAME == "Debian" && $MAIN_VERSION_ID =~ ^(11|12|13)$ ]]; then
    main
else
    $COLOR "This script does not support $FULL_NAME OS!"; $END
fi