Essential Git Commands: Branching, Stashing, Reverting, Tagging, and Common Operations

Branch Operations:

git branch

– create a new branch git branch -b – create and switch to a new branch

git checkout – switch branches

git branch – list branches

git branch -v – view last commit on each branch

git branch -vv – view current branch details

git branch -b origin/branch-name – create local tracking branch from remote

git branch --merged – list branches merged into current

git branch --no-merged – list branches not merged

git branch -d branch-name – delete local branch

git branch -D branch-name – force delete branch

git branch origin :branch-name – delete remote branch

git merge branch-name – merge branch into current

Stash Operations:

git stash – stash current changes

git stash apply – apply most recent stash

git stash pop – apply and drop stash

git stash list – list stashes

git stash drop stash@{0} – delete specific stash

git stash clear – clear all stashes

Revert Operations:

git reset --hard HEAD^ – revert to previous commit git reset --hard <commit_id> – revert to a specific commit git checkout -- <file> – discard changes in a file (from index or working tree) git reset HEAD <file> – unstage a file, keeping changes in working directory

Tag Operations:

git tag tag-name

– create a tag on current commit git tag tag-name <commit_id> – tag a specific commit git tag -a tag-name -m "description" – create annotated tag git tag – list all tags git show tag-name – show tag details git tag -d tag-name – delete local tag git push origin tag-name – push tag to remote git push origin --tags – push all tags git push origin :refs/tags/tag-name – delete remote tag

General Operations:

git push origin test

– push local branch to remote git rm -r --cached <path> – stop tracking a file or directory git reflog – view reference log of commands git log --graph – visualize branch merge graph git merge --no-ff -m "merge description" <branch> – merge without fast‑forward git check-ignore -v <file> – see which ignore rule applies git add -f <file> – force‑add ignored file

Creating a Repository:

git init

– initialize repository git remote add origin <url> – add remote git pull – fetch and merge git fetch – fetch all remote branches

Ignoring Files Already Tracked:

git update-index --assume-unchanged <file>

– ignore a single tracked file git rm -r --cached <path> – stop tracking a directory or file

Cancel Ignoring:

git update-index --no-assume-unchanged <file>

– resume tracking

Password‑less Pull/Push:

git config --global credential.helper store

– cache credentials for future operations

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1. 第七期打卡送书5本 (May 1 – June 1)

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3. SpringBoot backend management project with workflow

4. Ready‑to‑use OA system

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