Essential Linux File and Directory Commands Every Programmer Should Know
This article explains how Linux treats everything as a file, distinguishes Linux and shell commands, lists essential file and directory commands, and demonstrates installing and using the tree command to display directory structures.
Linux commands are the textual instructions used to manage a Linux system, similar to DOS commands on Windows, and in Linux everything—including CPU, memory, keyboard, and users—is represented as a file.
The command set is divided into two categories: native Linux commands and shell commands.
The article provides a table of common file and directory manipulation commands (shown in the accompanying image), covering operations such as listing, creating, moving, and removing files and directories.
As a concrete example, the tree command is used. If the command is not installed, the shell returns -bash: tree: command not found. The article shows how to install it with yum -y install tree. After installation, running tree displays a hierarchical view of the directory structure, illustrated by the second image.
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