Exploring the Hardest Esoteric Languages: Malbolge, Brainfuck, and Whitespace
The article introduces several notoriously difficult esoteric programming languages—Malbolge, INTERCAL, Brainfuck, COW, Whitespace, and Wenyan—detailing their origins, unique design quirks, and providing sample “Hello, world” programs that illustrate each language’s unconventional syntax and execution model.
Wenyan
Wenyan is a Chinese‑language esoteric language that mirrors classical Chinese literary syntax. It uses only traditional Chinese characters and the special quotation marks 「」. The language is intentionally verbose, making it difficult for non‑native speakers, but its grammar is comparatively simpler than many other esolangs.
Repository: https://github.com/wenyan-lang/wenyan
Hello‑world program (outputs “Hello, world”):
吾有一數。曰三。名之曰「甲」。
為是「甲」遍。
吾有一言。曰「「問天地好在。」」。書之。
云云。Signed-in readers can open the original source through BestHub's protected redirect.
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