Fixing a Read‑Only Ubuntu Filesystem After LNMP Installation: Step‑by‑Step Guide
After installing multiple LNMP services, a reboot left the Ubuntu system unable to run apt update due to a read‑only filesystem caused by a missing /etc/fstab, and this guide walks through diagnosing the issue, restoring fstab with correct UUIDs, remounting the root, and backing up the configuration.
On September 15, 2024, after installing multiple LNMP services, a system reboot caused the apt update command to fail with DNS resolution errors and a read‑only file system.
Running df -h showed that the /mnt/data mount point was missing, and /etc/fstab was empty, which likely caused the read‑only state.
Resolution steps:
Check the file system: sudo fsck /dev/sda3 Result: /dev/sda3 has no issues.
Remount the root filesystem as read‑write: sudo mount -o remount,rw / Test file creation: sudo touch /testfile Obtain UUIDs with blkid : sudo blkid Edit and restore /etc/fstab using the UUID information:
# Root filesystem
UUID=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx / ext4 defaults 0 1
# Boot partition
UUID=xxxxxxxxxxx /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 2
# RAID array
UUID=xxxxxxxxx /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 2Backup the new /etc/fstab :
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.$(date +%F_%T).bakIn summary, the missing /etc/fstab caused the filesystem to become read‑only; restoring it with correct UUIDs and remounting resolved the issue, and a dated backup was created to prevent recurrence.
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