How JD.com Scales Its E‑Commerce Platform: Vision, Principles, and Governance

After ten years of rapid business growth, JD.com's information system has become increasingly complex: while a typical e‑commerce system only needs to focus on the "sale" in the "procurement‑sale‑inventory" cycle, JD's system must manage procurement (inbound), sales (outbound), and inventory (stock) across three links. After performing horizontal and vertical decomposition, the system must address how to decouple services, ensure efficient communication, maintain data consistency, and govern services. This content includes: JD's architectural vision, describing the goals of being multiple, fast, good, and cost‑effective; architectural principles, listing the principles JD's application architecture must follow to ensure high availability and reduce complexity; architectural implementation, introducing JD's application system structure and analyzing the design rationale; and architectural governance, introducing application lineage and impact analysis to conduct governance and improve system stability.