How to Automate Rainfall Word Reports with Python and Pandas

Overview

The author, a pandas data‑processing expert, demonstrates how to transform a left‑hand table of rainfall observations into a fully formatted Word statistical report, handling many conditional cases programmatically.

Step 1: Read Data

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv("11月份数据.csv", encoding='gbk')
month = 11
df = df.query('月份==@month')

df.head(10)

Step 2: Filter Missing Values

pd.isnull(df).sum()

The result shows a single missing value, which is removed:

df.dropna(inplace=True)

Step 3: Count Rainfall Changes

rainfall_high = df.eval('`降雨距平(mm)` > 0').value_counts().get(True, 0)
rainfall_equal = df.eval('`降雨距平(mm)` == 0').value_counts().get(True, 0)
rainfall_low = df.eval('`降雨距平(mm)` < 0').value_counts().get(True, 0)
print(rainfall_high, rainfall_equal, rainfall_low)

Output:

13 1 18

Step 4: Generate First Paragraph

p1 = f"{month}月份"
if rainfall_low == 0 or rainfall_high == 0:
    if rainfall_equal != 0:
        p1 += f"除{rainfall_equal}个观测站降雨量较往年无变化外，"
    if rainfall_high == 0:
        p1 += "各气象观测站降雨量较往年均偏低。"
    elif rainfall_low == 0:
        p1 += "各气象观测站降雨量较往年均偏高。"
else:
    # 10%以内差异认为是持平
    if rainfall_high > rainfall_low * 1.1:
        p1 += "大部分气象观测站降雨量较往年偏高。"
    elif rainfall_low > rainfall_high * 1.1:
        p1 += "大部分气象观测站降雨量较往年偏低。"
    else:
        p1 += "各气象观测站降雨量较往年整体持平。"

p1

Result:

'11月份大部分气象观测站降雨量较往年偏低。'

Step 5: Region Rainfall Extremes

p2 = ""
t = df['降雨量(mm)']
p2 += f"各区域降雨量在{t.min()}～{t.max()}mm之间，其中{df.loc[t.argmax(), '区域']}区域的降雨量最大，为{t.max()}mm。"

p2

Result:

'各区域降雨量在0.0～16.0mm之间，其中51a45区域的降雨量最大，为16.0mm。'

Step 6: Per‑Station Statistics

p3s = []
for station, tmp in df.groupby('观测站'):
    t = tmp['降雨量(mm)']
    p3 = f"各区域降雨量在{t.min()}～{t.max()}mm之间，"
    # Complex conditional logic to build p3 omitted for brevity
    p3s.append([station, p3])

p3s

Step 7: Render Word Document

from docxtpl import DocxTemplate

tpl = DocxTemplate("docxtemplate.docx")
context = {
    'month': month,
    'p1': p1,
    'p2': p2,
    'p3s': p3s,
}

tpl.render(context)
tpl.save("11月降雨量报告.docx")