How to Build and Deploy a SpringBoot Docker Image on Windows Using IDEA

Background

The project is a new micro‑service framework that includes a gateway, Nacos registry and other services. A simple Docker‑based deployment method is required, especially when development is performed on a Windows workstation.

Running Docker on Windows

Principle

Docker needs a running Linux kernel. On Windows this is provided by a lightweight Linux virtual machine that Docker Desktop creates.

Enable Hyper‑V

Hyper‑V is built into Windows 10 Pro/Enterprise/Education. Enable it via Control Panel → Programs and Features → Turn Windows features on or off → check Hyper‑V → OK . (Reference: Microsoft Docs https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/quick-start/enable-hyper-v)

Install Docker Desktop

Download Docker Desktop for Windows from the official Docker site, install with the default options, and verify the installation by running docker run hello-world in PowerShell.

Building the Docker Image with IntelliJ IDEA

IntelliJ IDEA provides Docker integration. The workflow consists of two main steps:

Package the Spring Boot application into an executable JAR using Maven.

Create a Dockerfile and let IDEA build a Docker image from it.

The sample Spring Boot application listens on port 9600 and exposes a simple REST endpoint.

Maven packaging

Execute mvn package (or use the Maven tool window) to generate operation-core-0.0.1‑SNAPSHOT.jar. Rename the file to operation.jar for brevity.

Dockerfile

Example Dockerfile:

# Pull base image
FROM hub.c.163.com/library/java:latest
MAINTAINER wukong <[email protected]>
RUN mkdir -p /apps
ADD operation.jar /apps/operation.jar
ENV TZ "Asia/Shanghai"
EXPOSE 9600
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/apps/operation.jar"]

IDEA Docker run configuration

Create a Docker run configuration that points to the Dockerfile. IDEA will pull the base image, execute the Dockerfile instructions, and start a container.

Testing the container

After the container starts, test the service with: curl http://localhost:9600/test If the request fails, inspect the logs with docker logs <container_id> and verify that host port 9600 is mapped to container port 9600.

Custom container configuration

If the automatic configuration does not include port mapping, create a custom container configuration in IDEA and add the option -p 9600:9600 (and any required volume mounts). Restart the container.

Deploying to a Linux server

Deployment workflow

Export the built image as a tar archive, transfer it to the target host, load it into Docker, and run it with the necessary volume mounts, restart policy and port mapping.

Steps

Save the image:

docker save passjava-docker-demo-23.02 -o D:\passjava-demo.tar

Copy passjava-demo.tar to the Linux server (e.g., via SCP).

Load the image on the server: docker load -i passjava-demo.tar Run the container with mounts and port mapping:

docker run --name passjava-demo -d \
  -v /nfs-data/service:/nfs-data/service \
  -v /nfs-data/service/apps:/apps \
  -v /nfs-data/service/logs:/nfs-data/service/logs \
  --restart=always \
  -p 9600:9600 \
  passjava-docker-demo-23.02

Make sure the host directory mapped to /apps contains the JAR file; otherwise the container will fail because the entrypoint cannot find the JAR.