How to Quickly Package and Deploy a SpringBoot Microservice with Docker on Windows

Background

The new backend project uses a micro‑service framework with Gateway, Nacos, and other services, and needs a simple Docker‑based deployment method that works from a Windows development machine.

Why Docker and Why Windows

Docker containers simplify packaging, deployment, and management of backend programs; using Docker Swarm or Kubernetes can orchestrate multiple containers. The developer works on Windows, builds Docker images there, and pushes them to a Linux server.

Common Questions

Can Docker run on Windows? Yes.

Do code changes require rebuilding the image? No, you can replace the JAR via a Docker volume.

Why not use Jenkins? The project is new, so a lightweight approach is preferred.

2. Running Docker on Windows

2.1 Principle

Docker needs a Linux kernel; on Windows this is provided by a virtual Linux environment.

2.2 Enable Hyper‑V

Hyper‑V is required (Windows 10 Pro/Edu/Enterprise). Enable it via

Control Panel → Programs and Features → Turn Windows features on or off → Hyper‑V

.

2.3 Install Docker for Windows

Download Docker Desktop from the official site and follow the installer. Verify installation by running docker run hello-world in PowerShell.

3. Building the Image with IDEA

IDEA provides Docker integration.

3.1 Maven Build JAR

Run mvn package to produce operation-core-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar, then rename it to operation.jar.

3.2 Write Dockerfile

A Dockerfile defines the image build steps. Example:

# Pull base image
FROM hub.c.163.com/library/java:latest

MAINTAINER wukong <[email protected]>
RUN mkdir -p /apps
ADD passjava-demo-1.0.jar /apps/passjava-demo.jar
ENV TZ "Asia/Shanghai"
EXPOSE 9600
ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/apps/passjava-demo.jar"]

3.3 Configure and Run Dockerfile in IDEA

Create a Docker run configuration pointing to the Dockerfile; IDEA pulls the base image, builds the image, and starts a container.

3.4 Test the Container

Use curl http://localhost:9600/test to call the REST API. If the request fails, check container logs and ensure port mapping is configured.

curl http://localhost:9600/test

3.5 Custom Container Configuration

Define a custom container run configuration with explicit port mapping (e.g., -p 9600:9600) and volume mounts. After starting, the service becomes reachable.

4. Deploying to a Linux Server

4.1 Deployment Idea

Save the Docker image as a tar archive, transfer it to the server, load it, and run the container with proper volume and port settings.

4.2 Steps

Save image:

docker save passjava-docker-demo-23.02 -o D:\passjava-demo.tar

Copy the tar file to the Linux host.

Load image: docker load -i passjava-demo.tar Run container with mounts and port mapping:

docker run --name passjava-demo -d \
  -v /nfs-data/service:/nfs-data/service \
  -v /nfs-data/service/apps:/apps \
  -v /nfs-data/service/logs:/nfs-data/service/logs \
  --restart=always \
  -p 9600:9600 \
  passjava-docker-demo-23.02

If the container cannot find the JAR, ensure the host /nfs-data/service/apps directory contains the JAR file.

After the container starts, verify the service with curl http://<server_ip>:9600/test and confirm the expected response.