How to Return Multiple Values from a PHP Function Using Arrays, References, Objects, and Destructuring

PHP functions cannot directly return multiple values, but developers can achieve the effect by packaging data into arrays, objects, or using reference parameters.

Returning Multiple Values with Arrays

The simplest approach is to place the values in an indexed array and unpack them with list() or array indexing.

function getUserInfo() {
    $name = "张三";
    $age = 25;
    $city = "北京";
    return [$name, $age, $city]; // indexed array
}
list($userName, $userAge, $userCity) = getUserInfo();
echo $userName; // 输出：张三

Using an associative array improves readability by naming each element.

function getUserInfo() {
    return [
        'name' => $name,
        'age'  => $age,
        'city' => $city,
    ];
}
$result = getUserInfo();
echo $result['name']; // 输出：张三

Using Reference Parameters

By prefixing parameters with &, a function can modify variables passed from the caller, effectively returning several values.

function calculate($a, $b, &$sum, &$product) {
    $sum = $a + $b;
    $product = $a * $b;
}
calculate(3, 4, $add, $mul);
echo $add; // 输出：7
echo $mul; // 输出：12

This method is useful when many variables need to be updated, but it can reduce code clarity.

Returning an Object or Anonymous Class

When the returned data structure is more complex, encapsulating it in an object (or anonymous object) provides better organization and extensibility.

function getRectangleInfo($width, $height) {
    return (object) [
        'area'      => $width * $height,
        'perimeter'=> 2 * ($width + $height),
    ];
}
$rect = getRectangleInfo(5, 3);
echo $rect->area;      // 输出：15
echo $rect->perimeter; // 输出：16

Destructuring Assignment (PHP 7.1+)

PHP 7.1 introduced a clearer destructuring syntax for associative arrays, enhancing readability.

function getCoordinates() {
    return ['x' => 10, 'y' => 20, 'z' => 30];
}
['x' => $x, 'y' => $y, 'z' => $z] = getCoordinates();
echo $x; // 输出：10

In practice, arrays are the most flexible solution, objects suit complex structures, and reference parameters should be used cautiously. Choose the method that best matches the specific requirements of your code.