July 2023 TIOBE Index: C++ Narrows Gap with C and Major Shifts in the Top 20 Programming Languages
The July 2023 TIOBE Index reveals that C++ has almost caught up with C, while JavaScript climbs to a historic high of #6, several languages return to record positions, and the full Top 100 ranking—including a detailed list of languages ranked 51‑100—is presented with trend charts and methodological notes.
The TIOBE July 2023 index has been released, showing notable changes in the programming language popularity rankings.
C++ continues its rise, narrowing the gap with C to just 0.76% (C at 11.56% and C++ at 10.80%); C++ has remained in the top three since overtaking Java earlier this year.
Key movements in the Top 20 include JavaScript reaching a historic high at #6, Matlab, Scratch and Rust achieving their best-ever positions at #10, #12 and #17 respectively, COBOL re‑entering the Top 20 after a long absence, Julia approaching the upper ranks, and a swap between SQL (down to #8) and PHP (up to #9).
The languages ranked 51‑100 (listed alphabetically) are: 4th Dimension/4D, ABC, ActionScript, Algol, Alice, APL, Bash, bc, Boo, Bourne shell, Carbon, CL (OS/400), Clipper, CLIPS, Clojure, Crystal, Elixir, Erlang, Forth, Groovy, Hack, Icon, Io, J, LabVIEW, Ladder Logic, Maple, ML, Modula‑2, NATURAL, Nim, OCaml, OpenEdge ABL, PL/I, PostScript, Pure Data, Q, Racket, Raku, Ring, Smalltalk, Snap!, Solidity, SPARK, Squirrel, Tcl, VHDL, Wolfram, X10, Zig.
The trend chart for the Top 10 programming languages over time is shown below:
Historical rankings and a "celebrity" ranking of programming languages are also provided:
TIOBE's programming community index measures language popularity based on the number of skilled engineers, courses, and third‑party vendors, using search engines such as Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube and Baidu. The full methodology and ranking details are available at https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/ .
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