Key Practices in Large‑Scale Backend Architecture: Product Positioning, Microservice Design, Real‑Time Messaging, Idempotency, and Service Governance

01 Product Analysis and Positioning

Discusses the importance of defining product goals and market positioning before architectural design.

02 Microservice Architecture Design

Highlights core principles:

Business‑centric design

High cohesion, low coupling

Strong autonomy

Elastic design

Logging and monitoring

Automation

03 Real‑Time Message Push Technology Evolution

Describes the transition from HA (layer‑4/7 load balancing) to Nginx for HTTP and WebSocket support.

server 172.16.125.76:8066 weight=10;
server 172.16.125.76:8077 down;
server 172.16.0.18:8066 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
server 172.16.0.18:8077 backup;

HA load‑balancing details and Nginx configuration example:

server web01 192.168.137.203:80 check inter 2000 fall 3 weight 10

04 Request Interface Idempotency

Fine‑grained validation using AOP annotations (no framework‑level filters)

Duplicate request filtering via Redis keys and distributed locks

Atomic key release with Redis transactions and watch

Handling edge cases such as key expiration and master‑slave failover using Redisson and key renewal

05 Service Governance

Enumerates challenges introduced by service‑oriented architecture and lists governance components:

Service registration & discovery

Distributed configuration distribution & hot‑loading

Load balancing & fault tolerance

Rate limiting & circuit breaking

Gateway & authentication

Network isolation, scheduling, health checks

Tracing, availability checks, continuous deployment, autonomous self‑healing

Concludes with a note about a curated list of interview questions from major tech companies.