Master Web Basics in 5 Minutes: Domains, HTML, and Page Relationships
This guide quickly explains how domain names work, the structure and resolution process of DNS, the fundamentals of HTML syntax and file structure, the differences between static and dynamic web pages, and the evolution from Web 1.0 to Web 4.0, providing a solid foundation for beginners.
Introduction
Web (World Wide Web) is a global, hypertext‑based, dynamic and cross‑platform distributed graphics information system built on the Internet, providing users with an intuitive graphical interface to browse and retrieve information.
Domain Name
Website Access Methods
Access via IP address : Directly use the server’s IP.
Access via domain name : Domains replace IPs because they are easier to remember.
Domain Name Structure
hostname.subdomain.second‑level‑domain.top‑level‑domain.(root)Domain Name Resolution
Process : First check the local hosts file; if no entry, query DNS.
DNS Resolution Process
Steps : client → local DNS server → root server → top‑level server → second‑level/sub‑domain server → resolve IP.
Query Types : recursive and iterative queries.
Web Page
Web Page File Types
HTML files : usually with .html or .htm extensions.
Static vs. Dynamic Pages
Static pages : Pure HTML files (e.g., .html, .htm, .shtml); no backend database, content changes only when the file is edited; URLs do not contain query parameters.
Dynamic pages : Generated by server‑side scripts (e.g., .php, .asp, .jsp) and often contain a “?” query string; support databases and interactive content.
Dynamic page languages : Early CGI was replaced by modern languages such as PHP, Java, Python, Ruby, etc.
Common Dynamic Page Languages
PHP : Popular scripting language with syntax similar to C, Java, and Perl; easy for beginners.
JSP : Java‑based technology allowing Java code inside HTML; suitable for large‑scale projects.
Python : High‑level, object‑oriented language used for web development, data analysis, and AI.
Ruby : Simple, object‑oriented language often used with the Ruby on Rails framework.
HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages. It uses markup tags to describe page elements so browsers can render them.
HTML files are plain‑text files that can be edited with any text editor; saving with .html or .htm makes them HTML documents.
HTML Syntax Rules
Tags are written with opening <tag> and closing </tag> markers; the content between them is affected by the tag’s semantics.
HTML File Structure
An HTML document is wrapped by <html></html> and contains two main sections:
Head section ( <head>): metadata of the page.
Body section ( <body>): actual visible content.
HTML File Basic Structure Example
<html>
<head>Page metadata</head>
<body>Page content
<img src="image_path" />
</body>
</html>Common HTML Tags
<title>: page title shown in browser tabs. <base>: base URL for relative links. <link>: link to external resources. <meta>: metadata definitions. <script>: embed client‑side scripts (e.g., JavaScript). <style>: define CSS styles. <table>, <tr>, <td>: create tables. <img>: insert images. <a>: create hyperlinks. <p>: paragraph. <br>: line break. <h1> – <h6>: headings.
WEB Evolution
Versions
WEB 1.0 : Static content, one‑way information flow.
WEB 2.0 : Dynamic interaction, user‑generated content, social networking.
WEB 3.0 : Semantic web, decentralization, AI‑driven, enhanced privacy.
WEB 4.0 : Future vision of ubiquitous connectivity and immersive experiences.
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