MongoDB Basics: Data Model, User Creation, Service Setup, and Backup/Restore Commands

MongoDB is a document database that stores data as JSON‑like documents; a document (Document) is analogous to a row, multiple documents form a collection (Collection), and collections belong to a database. In contrast, MySQL organizes data into databases, tables, rows, and columns.

To create an administrative user, run the Mongo shell and execute the following commands:

[root@localhost ~]$ mongo

> use admin

> db.createUser({ user: "admin", pwd: "123456", roles: [ { role: "root", db: "admin" } ] })

> quit()

Configure the mongod service by editing /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service (example snippet shown) and then reload and restart the service:

[root@localhost ~]$ systemctl daemon-reload

[root@localhost ~]$ systemctl restart mongod

The backup and restore utilities accept several parameters:

--host   // specify host name

--port   // specify port

-u       // username

-p       // password

-d       // database to backup/restore

-c       // collection to backup/restore

-o       // output directory for backup

Backup examples:

mongodump --host 192.168.210.85 --port 27017 -u admin -p 123456 -o /tmp/alldb/

mongodump --host 192.168.210.85 --port 27017 -u admin -p 123456 -d mydb -o /tmp/mongobak/

mongodump --host 192.168.210.85 --port 27017 -u admin -p 123456 -d mydb -c clo1 -o /tmp/mongobak/

mongoexport --host 192.168.210.85 --port 27017 -u admin -p 123456 -d mydb -c clo1 -o /tmp/1.json

Restore examples:

mongorestore --host 192.168.210.85 --port 27017 -u admin -p 123456 /tmp/alldb/

mongorestore --host 192.168.210.85 --port 27017 -u admin -p 123456 -d mydb /tmp/mongobak/

mongorestore --host 192.168.210.85 --port 27017 -u admin -p 123456 -d mydb -c clo1 /tmp/mongobak/mydb/clo1.bson

mongoimport --host 192.168.210.85 --port 27017 -u admin -p 123456 -d mydb -c clo1 --file /tmp/1.json

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