Overview of Common Python Standard Library Modules

os module : Provides methods for interacting with the operating system, including file and directory operations. import os<br>files = os.listdir('.')<br>print(files) sys module : Offers access to variables and functions used or maintained by the Python interpreter. import sys<br>print(sys.version) json module : Enables encoding and decoding of JSON data.

import json<br>data = '{"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}'<br>parsed_data = json.loads(data)<br>print(parsed_data)

datetime module : Handles dates and times.

from datetime import datetime<br>now = datetime.now()<br>print(now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

re module : Provides regular expression matching operations.

import re<br>email_pattern = r'\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z|a-z]{2,}\b'<br>text = "Contact me at [email protected]."<br>matches = re.findall(email_pattern, text)<br>print(matches)

math module : Contains mathematical functions. import math<br>print(math.pi) collections module : Offers specialized container datatypes.

from collections import Counter<br>words = ['apple', 'banana', 'apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'apple']<br>word_counts = Counter(words)<br>print(word_counts)

urllib module : Supports fetching URLs (network data requests).

from urllib.request import urlopen<br>url = 'http://www.example.com'<br>response = urlopen(url)<br>html = response.read().decode()<br>print(html[:100])

random module : Used to generate random numbers.

import random<br>random_float = random.random()<br>print(random_float)

logging module : Provides a flexible logging system.

import logging<br>logging.basicConfig(filename='app.log', level=logging.INFO)<br>logging.info('This is an info message.')