Overview of Common Python Standard Library Modules

os module : Provides methods for interacting with the operating system, including file and directory operations.

import os files = os.listdir('.') print(files)

sys module : Offers access to variables and functions used or maintained by the Python interpreter.

import sys print(sys.version)

json module : Enables encoding and decoding of JSON data.

import json data = '{"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}' parsed_data = json.loads(data) print(parsed_data)

datetime module : Handles dates and times.

from datetime import datetime now = datetime.now() print(now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

re module : Provides regular expression matching operations.

import re email_pattern = r'\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z|a-z]{2,}\b' text = "Contact me at [email protected]." matches = re.findall(email_pattern, text) print(matches)

math module : Contains mathematical functions.

import math print(math.pi)

collections module : Offers specialized container datatypes.

from collections import Counter words = ['apple', 'banana', 'apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'apple'] word_counts = Counter(words) print(word_counts)

urllib module : Supports fetching URLs (network data requests).

from urllib.request import urlopen url = 'http://www.example.com' response = urlopen(url) html = response.read().decode() print(html[:100])

random module : Used to generate random numbers.

import random random_float = random.random() print(random_float)

logging module : Provides a flexible logging system.

import logging logging.basicConfig(filename='app.log', level=logging.INFO) logging.info('This is an info message.')