Overview of Python Standard Library Modules

Python relies on a powerful standard library that offers built‑in modules for system‑level functions as well as everyday programming tasks, making code portable across platforms.

The standard library is extensive, with most Windows installations bundling the entire collection, while Unix‑like systems often provide it as separate packages.

The modules are grouped into the following categories, each containing several related modules:

Text : string, re, difflib, textwrap, unicodedata, stringprep, readline, rlcompleter.

Binary Data : struct, codecs.

Data Types : datetime, calendar, collections, collections.abc, heapq, bisect, array, weakref, types, copy, pprint, reprlib.

Mathematics : numbers, math, cmath, decimal, fractions, random.

Functional Programming : itertools, functools, operator.

File and Directory : os.path, fileinput, stat, filecmp, tempfile, glob, fnmatch, linecache, shutil, macpath.

Persistence : pickle, copyreg, shelve, marshal, dbm, sqlite3.

Compression : zlib, gzip, bz2, lzma, zipfile, tarfile.

File Formatting : csv, configparser, netrc, xdrlib, plistlib.

Encryption : hashlib, hmac.

Operating System Tools : os, io, time, argparser, optparser, getopt, logging, logging.config, logging.handlers, getpass, curses, curses.textpad, curses.ascii, curses.panel, platform, errno, ctypes.

Concurrency : threading, multiprocessing, concurrent, concurrent.futures, subprocess, sched, queue, select, dummy_threading, _thread, _dummy_thread.

Inter‑Process Communication : socket, ssl, asyncore, asynchat, signal, mmap.

Internet : email, json, mailcap, mailbox, mimetypes, base64, binhex, binascii, quopri, quoted‑printable, uu.

HTML and XML : html, html.parser, html.entities, xml, xml.etree.ElementTree, xml.dom, xml.dom.minidom, xml.dom.pulldom, xml.sax, xml.sax.handler, xml.sax.saxutils, xml.sax.xmlreader, xml.parsers.expat.

Internet Protocols and Support : webbrowser, cgi, cgitb, wsgiref, urllib, urllib.request, urllib.response, urllib.parse, urllib.error, urllib.robotparser, http, http.client, ftplib, poplib, imaplib, nntplib, smtplib, smtpd, telnetlib, uuid, socketserver, http.server, http.cookies, http.cookiejar, xmlrpc, xmlrpc.client, xmlrpc.server, ipaddress.

Multimedia : audioop, aifc, sunau, wave, chunk, colorsys, imghdr, sndhdr, ossaudiodev.

Internationalization : gettext, locale.

Programming Frameworks : turtle, cmd, shlex.

Tk GUI : tkinter, tkinter.ttk, tkinter.tix, tkinter.scrolledtext.

Development Tools : pydoc, doctest, unittest, unittest.mock, test, test.support, venv.

Debugging : bdb, faulthandler, pdb, timeit, trace.

Runtime : sys, sysconfig, builtins, main, warnings, contextlib, abc, atexit, traceback, future, gc, inspect, site, fpectl, distutils.

Interpreter : code, codeop.

Import Modules : imp, zipimport, pkgutil, modulefinder, runpy, importlib.

Python Language : parser, ast, symtable, symbol, token, keyword, tokenize, tabnany, pyclbr, py_compile, compileall, dis, pickletools.

Other : formatter.

Windows‑Specific : msilib, msvcrt, winreg, winsound.

Unix‑Specific : posix, pwd, spwd, grp, crypt, termios, tty, pty, fcntl, pipes, resource, nis, syslog.

For more details, refer to the official Python documentation.