Performance Improvements in MySQL 8.4.3 and 9.1.0: Benchmark Results and Key Optimizations
The article reports that MySQL versions 8.4.3 and 9.1.0 deliver notable performance gains across a variety of workloads, explains the benchmark methodology, presents quantitative QPS improvements, and details four key internal changes—including a binlog data‑structure switch, JOIN optimizations, and enhanced index range scans—that together raise write and read throughput by several percent.
Percona highlights recent performance regressions observed in MySQL 8.4.x and 9.y and announces that the newly released versions 8.4.3 (October 2024) and 9.1.0 bring significant improvements.
Benchmark results, obtained using sysbench on a defined hardware configuration (see the original Percona blog for details), are summarized in Table 1, which compares queries per second (QPS) of MySQL 8.4.3 against 8.4.2 across several workloads.
Key findings from the tests include:
Write performance: an average increase of about 7.25% across nine test workloads.
Read performance: an average increase of about 1.39% across sixteen test workloads.
When compared to MySQL 8.0.40, MySQL 8.4.3 is only 1.47% slower in combined read/write speed.
MySQL 9.1.0 is only 0.68% slower than MySQL 8.4.3.
1. Binlog Transaction Dependency Switch
Bug #37008442 changed the internal data structure binlog_transaction_dependency from std::map to ankerl::unordered_dense::map, delivering a 19.4% average performance boost for workloads such as INLIST_UPDATE and UPDATE_INDEX_LIMIT.
2. JOIN‑Based Query Execution Optimizations
Bug #35531293 addressed a regression where queries using JOINs performed worse in MySQL 8.0.33. The fix improves efficiency for workloads like POINTS_COVERED_SI and POINTS_NOTCOVERED_SI, yielding an average 2.17% performance gain.
3. Improved Index Range Scans
Bug #36775910 fixed missing record buffers in index range scans, which previously caused unnecessary slowdowns. The correction raises average performance by 2.12% for workloads including ORDER_RANGES, RANGE_NOTCOVERED, RANGE_COVERED, and SUM_RANGES.
4. Overall Performance Impact
The cumulative effect of these changes is reflected in the benchmark numbers above, demonstrating measurable improvements in both read and write operations.
5. Conclusion
The performance enhancements in MySQL 8.4.3 and 9.1.0 represent a substantial step forward, showcasing the MySQL development team’s responsiveness to community‑reported issues and Percona’s contributions. While further tuning is possible to reach the peak performance of earlier releases, the outlook for future MySQL versions remains optimistic.
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