Python Coding Guidelines and Performance Optimization Tips

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Python coding conventions

Prefer generators and list comprehensions.

For string concatenation, use the + operator when joining three or fewer strings; otherwise use format or join , with join generally preferred.

Avoid writing recursive code; even pseudo‑recursion should be replaced with loops.

If a tuple can solve the problem, do not use a list ; similarly, use a set instead of a dict when appropriate. Although dict is much faster than list , it consumes more memory, and you should not forcefully convert a list to a tuple .

Prefer local variables over global ones; apply the principle of proximity. When a function reads a variable, it first looks in the local scope, then the global scope, so a local variable with the same name shadows the global one.

Swap variables in a Pythonic way: a, b = b, a .

Use map when it can replace a loop; do so without hesitation.

Minimize unnecessary non‑loop operations inside loops.

Prefer while 1 over while True .

For comparing multiple values, use chained comparisons like a < b < c , which is more efficient than a < b and b < c .

Compute powers with x**y instead of pow , which is harder to read and slower.

Avoid CPU‑intensive calculations in pure Python; if necessary, use libraries such as numpy , or rewrite the hot part in C and call it via ctypes . Generally, the performance hierarchy is C extensions > numpy > cython > pure Python.

Python Performance Improvement Tips

https://www.cnblogs.com/taceywong/p/5773220.html