Spring Boot Multi‑Environment Configuration and JVM Parameter Tuning Guide

Purpose

The goal is to become familiar with Spring Boot multi‑environment configuration and understand the meaning of parameters when launching a Spring Boot JAR.

Configuration Files

# springboot multi‑environment configuration
server:
  port: 8080
  servlet:
    context-path: /springboot-params-demo

spring:
  profiles:
    active: test

logging:
  level:
    root: INFO
    org:
      springframework:
        security: WARN
        web: ERROR
  file:
    path: ./logs
    name: './logs/springboot-params-demo.log'
    pattern:
      file: '%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50}:%L - %msg%n'
      console: '%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50}:%L - %msg%n'

# application-test.yml
myParam: 'on'

# application-prod.yml
myParam: 'close'

Retrieving Custom Parameters

package com.demo.config;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Arrays;

@Component
@Slf4j
public class MyParamRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Value("${myParam}")
    String myParam;

    @Autowired
    Environment environment;

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        log.info("本地设置的参数myParam为：{}", myParam);
        log.info(environment.toString());
        log.info(String.valueOf(Arrays.asList(environment.getActiveProfiles())));
    }
}

Packaging and Running

After building, the JAR springboot-jvm-params-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar is placed in the target directory. Run it with:

java -jar /usr/local/springboot_demos/springboot-port8001/springboot-jvm-params-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

Modifying Startup Configuration

Two ways to set the active profile:

System variable:

java -jar -Dspring.profiles.active=prod /usr/local/springboot_demos/springboot-port8001/springboot-jvm-params-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

Command‑line argument:

java -jar /usr/local/springboot_demos/springboot-port8001/springboot-jvm-params-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=prod --myParam='test'

Note that command‑line arguments override JVM system variables, which in turn override values from configuration files (priority: file < < JVM < < command line).

JVM Startup Parameters Explained

The article lists extensive JVM options such as heap settings, GC logging, CMS collector tuning, thread counts, network timeouts, and Spring‑specific properties. Example snippet:

/usr/local/jdk/jdk1.8.0_261/bin/java -jar -server \
-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError \
-XX:HeapDumpPath=/usr/local/springboot_demos/springboot-port8001/dump/heap/oom.hprof \
-Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/springboot_demos/springboot-port8001/tmp/ \
-Dserver.port=8001 \
-XX:+PrintGCDetails \
-XX:+PrintGCDateStamps \
-Dspring.profiles.active=prod \
/usr/local/springboot_demos/springboot-port8001/springboot-jvm-params-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar jvmparams

These options control memory allocation, garbage‑collection behavior, logging, and other runtime characteristics, enabling fine‑grained performance tuning for Spring Boot services.