Spring Cloud Microservices Hands‑On (Revised Part 10): Full Deployment with Docker Compose

In the previous nine installments we assembled a complete Spring Cloud microservice system consisting of order-service, stock-service, point-service, Nacos (service registry & config), Seata (distributed transaction), Sentinel (fault tolerance), Prometheus + Grafana (monitoring), and SkyWalking (tracing). Starting each component required multiple manual commands, which was cumbersome.

Goal : Use Docker Compose to package all services and achieve one‑click startup, automatic dependency handling, data persistence, and environment isolation.

Project Structure

spring-cloud-teaching-ep10/
├── docker-compose.yml          # main compose file
├── .env                       # environment variables
├── mysql/
│   └── init.sql              # DB init script
├── prometheus/
│   └── prometheus.yml       # Prometheus config
├── skywalking/
│   └── oap/
│       └── alarm-settings.yml # alarm config
├── services/
│   ├── order-service/
│   │   ├── Dockerfile
│   │   └── target/order-service.jar
│   ├── stock-service/
│   │   ├── Dockerfile
│   │   └── target/stock-service.jar
│   └── point-service/
│       ├── Dockerfile
│       └── target/point-service.jar
└── scripts/
    ├── build.sh               # build all services
    ├── start.sh               # start all services
    └── stop.sh                # stop all services

Service Dockerfiles

1. order-service/Dockerfile

FROM openjdk:17-jdk-slim

WORKDIR /app

# Install necessary tools
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Create non‑root user
RUN groupadd -r teaching && useradd -r -g teaching teaching

# Copy JAR
COPY target/order-service-*.jar app.jar

# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=60s --retries=3 \
  CMD curl -f http://localhost:8081/actuator/health || exit 1

USER teaching

EXPOSE 8081

ENV JAVA_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseG1GC"

ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "-c", "java $JAVA_OPTS -jar app.jar"]

2. stock-service/Dockerfile

FROM openjdk:17-jdk-slim

WORKDIR /app

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
RUN groupadd -r teaching && useradd -r -g teaching teaching

COPY target/stock-service-*.jar app.jar

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=60s --retries=3 \
  CMD curl -f http://localhost:8082/actuator/health || exit 1

USER teaching

EXPOSE 8082

ENV JAVA_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseG1GC"

ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "-c", "java $JAVA_OPTS -jar app.jar"]

3. point-service/Dockerfile

FROM openjdk:17-jdk-slim

WORKDIR /app

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
RUN groupadd -r teaching && useradd -r -g teaching teaching

COPY target/point-service-*.jar app.jar

HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=60s --retries=3 \
  CMD curl -f http://localhost:8083/actuator/health || exit 1

USER teaching

EXPOSE 8083

ENV JAVA_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseG1GC"

ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "-c", "java $JAVA_OPTS -jar app.jar"]

docker-compose.yml (Main Compose File)

version: '3.8'

networks:
  teaching-network:
    driver: bridge

volumes:
  mysql-data:
  prometheus-data:
  grafana-data:
  skywalking-data:

services:
  # ==================== Infrastructure ====================
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    container_name: teaching-mysql
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD:-root123}
      MYSQL_DATABASE: order_db
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    volumes:
      - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./mysql/init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql
    networks:
      - teaching-network
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "localhost"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    container_name: teaching-redis
    restart: unless-stopped
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    networks:
      - teaching-network

  # ==================== Service Governance ====================
  nacos:
    image: nacos/nacos-server:v2.3.2
    container_name: teaching-nacos
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      MODE: standalone
      PREFER_HOST_MODE: hostname
    ports:
      - "8848:8848"
      - "9848:9848"
    networks:
      - teaching-network
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:8848/nacos/actuator/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 5

  sentinel:
    image: bladex/sentinel-dashboard:1.8.6
    container_name: teaching-sentinel
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "8858:8858"
    environment:
      AUTH_USERNAME: ${SENTINEL_USERNAME:-sentinel}
      AUTH_PASSWORD: ${SENTINEL_PASSWORD:-sentinel}
    networks:
      - teaching-network

  seata-server:
    image: seataio/seata-server:1.7.0
    container_name: teaching-seata
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "8091:8091"
      - "7091:7091"
    environment:
      SEATA_IP: seata-server
      SEATA_PORT: 8091
      STORE_MODE: file
    networks:
      - teaching-network

  # ==================== Monitoring ====================
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: teaching-prometheus
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - prometheus-data:/prometheus
    command:
      - '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
      - '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
    networks:
      - teaching-network
    depends_on:
      - order-service
      - stock-service
      - point-service

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    container_name: teaching-grafana
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD: ${GRAFANA_PASSWORD:-admin}
    volumes:
      - grafana-data:/var/lib/grafana
    networks:
      - teaching-network
    depends_on:
      - prometheus

  # ==================== Tracing ====================
  elasticsearch:
    image: elasticsearch:7.17.0
    container_name: teaching-elasticsearch
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      discovery.type: single-node
      ES_JAVA_OPTS: -Xms512m -Xmx512m
    ports:
      - "9200:9200"
    volumes:
      - skywalking-data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
    networks:
      - teaching-network

  skywalking-oap:
    image: apache/skywalking-oap-server:9.7.0
    container_name: teaching-skywalking-oap
    restart: unless-stopped
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch
    environment:
      SW_STORAGE: elasticsearch
      SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES: elasticsearch:9200
    ports:
      - "11800:11800"
      - "12800:12800"
    networks:
      - teaching-network

  skywalking-ui:
    image: apache/skywalking-ui:9.7.0
    container_name: teaching-skywalking-ui
    restart: unless-stopped
    depends_on:
      - skywalking-oap
    environment:
      SW_OAP_ADDRESS: http://skywalking-oap:12800
    ports:
      - "8088:8080"
    networks:
      - teaching-network

  # ==================== Business Services ====================
  order-service:
    build:
      context: ./services/order-service
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: teaching-order-service
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: docker
      NACOS_HOST: nacos
      DB_HOST: mysql
      SEATA_HOST: seata-server
    ports:
      - "8081:8081"
    depends_on:
      mysql:
        condition: service_healthy
      nacos:
        condition: service_healthy
    networks:
      - teaching-network

  stock-service:
    build:
      context: ./services/stock-service
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: teaching-stock-service
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: docker
      NACOS_HOST: nacos
      DB_HOST: mysql
      SEATA_HOST: seata-server
    ports:
      - "8082:8082"
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - nacos
    networks:
      - teaching-network

  point-service:
    build:
      context: ./services/point-service
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    container_name: teaching-point-service
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: docker
      NACOS_HOST: nacos
      DB_HOST: mysql
      SEATA_HOST: seata-server
    ports:
      - "8083:8083"
    depends_on:
      - mysql
      - nacos
    networks:
      - teaching-network

Environment Variables (.env)

# .env
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root123
SENTINEL_USERNAME=sentinel
SENTINEL_PASSWORD=sentinel
GRAFANA_PASSWORD=admin

Prometheus Configuration (Docker Environment)

# prometheus/prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'order-service'
    metrics_path: '/actuator/prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['order-service:8081']
        labels:
          service: 'order-service'

  - job_name: 'stock-service'
    metrics_path: '/actuator/prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['stock-service:8082']
        labels:
          service: 'stock-service'

  - job_name: 'point-service'
    metrics_path: '/actuator/prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['point-service:8083']
        labels:
          service: 'point-service'

Verification Steps

Check container status: docker-compose ps View logs: docker-compose logs -f order-service and docker-compose logs -f nacos Test order creation:

curl -X POST http://localhost:8081/api/order/create \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"userId":1,"productId":100,"quantity":2,"amount":198}'

Common Issues & Pitfalls

Issue 1: Service startup order

Solution: Use depends_on together with healthcheck to ensure dependent services start first.

Issue 2: Accessing services inside containers

Solution: Use container names (e.g., mysql, nacos) instead of localhost for inter‑service communication.

Issue 3: Port conflicts

Solution: Modify the port mappings in the .env file.

Issue 4: Data loss

Solution: Persist data with Docker volumes.

Next Episode Preview

Spring Cloud Microservices Hands‑On (Revised Part 11): Production deployment with Kubernetes, covering cluster setup, Deployment configuration, Service exposure, Ingress routing, ConfigMap usage, and HPA auto‑scaling.

I'm Lao J, see you next time.