Step-by-Step Guide to Deploy OpenStack and OpenNebula with One-Click Scripts

OpenStack

Purpose: OpenStack is an open‑source cloud computing platform for building and managing public and private clouds, offering services such as compute, storage, networking, and identity.

Architecture: OpenStack follows a distributed architecture composed of core services:

Nova (Compute): Manages and schedules virtual machine instances, providing elastic compute, auto‑scaling and load balancing.

Neutron (Networking): Creates and manages virtual networks, supports SDN, custom topologies, security groups and firewalls.

Cinder (Block Storage): Provides persistent block storage devices for VM data.

Swift (Object Storage): Distributed object storage for large‑scale unstructured data with high availability.

Keystone (Identity): Handles authentication, authorization, SSO and project/role management.

Glance (Image): Stores and serves VM images for instance creation.

Core concepts:

Instance: Virtual machine created on top of the hypervisor.

Network: Flexible virtual networking including subnets, routers and security groups.

Block Storage: Persistent disks managed by Cinder.

Object Storage: Distributed storage provided by Swift.

Image: VM templates managed by Glance.

Project/Tenant: Isolated resource domains with quotas and permissions.

Elastic Scaling: Automatic adjustment of compute resources based on load.

Load Balancing: Distributes traffic across multiple VM instances.

Compute Node: Physical or virtual host running VM instances, managed by Nova.

Control Node: Central management node running core services.

Metadata Service: Provides dynamic instance information such as IP address.

Identity Provider: External authentication sources (LDAP, AD) integrated with Keystone.

OpenNebula

Purpose: OpenNebula is an open‑source cloud management platform for building private and hybrid clouds, offering tools for deployment, monitoring and automation of virtualized infrastructure.

Architecture: Distributed components include:

OpenNebula Core: Handles user requests, resource management and coordination, exposing API and CLI.

Scheduler: Places VM instances on physical hosts based on policies and resource availability.

Virtualization Manager: Interfaces with KVM, VMware, Xen to create, destroy and migrate VMs.

Image Manager: Manages VM images – upload, registration, copy and sharing.

Network Manager: Manages virtual networks, isolation, NAT, load balancing and security groups.

Storage Manager: Manages local, network and object storage resources.

Core concepts:

Virtual Machine: VM instance created from virtualization technology.

Virtualization Resources: Physical hosts, storage and network assets managed by OpenNebula.

Images: VM templates containing OS and applications.

Virtual Networks: Configurable virtual networks with isolation and routing.

Storage Resources: Local, network and object storage for VM disks and data.

User and Permission Management: Role‑based access control for users and projects.

Elasticity and Load Balancing: Automatic scaling and traffic distribution.

Monitoring and Logging: Tracks VM status, resource usage and events.

API and CLI: Programmatic and command‑line interfaces for management.

Below is a comparison table of OpenStack and OpenNebula:

One‑Click OpenStack Deployment Script

#!/bin/sh
# openstack pike single‑node one‑click install
# environment centos 7.4.1708 x86_64

[[ `uname -r` = *el7* ]] && { echo 'Starting OpenStack Pike installation'; } || { echo 'Run on CentOS 7.4 environment'; exit; }

##########################################
# Parameters
# Get first NIC name and IP
Net=`ip add|egrep global|awk '{ print $NF }'|head -n 1`
IP=`ip add|grep global|awk -F'[ /]+' '{ print $3 }'|head -n 1`
echo "Network interface: $Net"
echo "IP address: $IP"

# Parameters
DBPass=elven2017    # SQL root password
Node=controller     # Node name
Netname=$Net        # NIC name
MyIP=$IP            # IP address
VncProxy=$IP        # VNC proxy external IP
Imgdir=/date/glance # Glance image directory
VHD=/date/nova      # Nova instance path
Kvm=qemu            # QEMU or KVM (requires hardware support)

##########################################
# 1. Basic setup
echo 'Disable SELinux and firewall'
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
sed -i '/^SELINUX=.*/c SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
sed -i 's/^SELINUXTYPE=.*/SELINUXTYPE=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

echo 'Time synchronization'
/usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp6.aliyun.com
echo "*/3 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp6.aliyun.com  >/dev/null" > /tmp/crontab
crontab /tmp/crontab

echo 'Set hostname'
hostnamectl set-hostname $Node
echo "$SetIP   $Node" >> /etc/hosts

echo 'Configure OpenStack repository'
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/Ali-pike.repo http://elven.vip/ks/openstack/Ali-pike.repo
yum clean all && yum makecache

##########################################
# 2. Install packages
function installrpm() {
  echo 'Install OpenStack tools'
  yum install -y python-openstackclient openstack-selinux python2-PyMySQL openstack-utils
  echo 'Install MariaDB'
  yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-galera-server expect
  echo 'Install RabbitMQ'
  yum install -y rabbitmq-server erlang socat
  echo 'Install Keystone'
  yum install -y openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi memcached python-memcached apr apr-util
  echo 'Install Glance'
  yum install -y openstack-glance python-glance
  echo 'Install Nova'
  yum install -y openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-console openstack-nova-novncproxy openstack-nova-scheduler openstack-nova-placement-api openstack-nova-compute
  echo 'Install Neutron'
  yum install -y openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 openstack-neutron-linuxbridge python-neutronclient ebtables ipset
  echo 'Install Dashboard'
  yum install -y openstack-dashboard
}

echo 'Install OpenStack'
installrpm
echo 'Re‑install to avoid download failures'
installrpm

##########################################
# 3. Configuration (selected excerpts)

echo 'Configure MariaDB'
cp /etc/my.cnf.d/openstack.cnf{,.bak}
cat > /etc/my.cnf.d/openstack.cnf <<'EOF'
[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table
max_connections = 4096
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8
EOF
systemctl enable mariadb.service
systemctl start mariadb.service
# Secure installation using expect (omitted for brevity)

# RabbitMQ setup
systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service
systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
rabbitmqctl add_user admin admin
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags admin administrator
rabbitmqctl add_user openstack openstack
rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags openstack administrator
systemctl restart rabbitmq-server.service

# Keystone setup (keystone.conf generation omitted for brevity)

# Glance service registration
source ./admin-openstack.sh
openstack service create --name glance --description "OpenStack Image" image
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image public http://controller:9292
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image internal http://controller:9292
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image admin http://controller:9292

# Nova service registration
openstack service create --name nova --description "OpenStack Compute" compute
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute public http://controller:8774/v2.1
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute internal http://controller:8774/v2.1
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute admin http://controller:8774/v2.1

# Neutron service registration
openstack service create --name neutron --description "OpenStack Networking" network
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network public http://controller:9696
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network internal http://controller:9696
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network admin http://controller:9696

# Enable and start services
systemctl enable httpd.service openstack-glance-api openstack-glance-registry openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-compute.service neutron-server.service
systemctl start httpd.service openstack-glance-api openstack-glance-registry openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-compute.service neutron-server.service

echo 'Installation complete!'
echo "Database root password: $DBPass"
echo "Access the dashboard at http://$MyIP/dashboard (user: admin, password: admin)"