Uncovering China's Vaccine Procurement Landscape: A Data‑Driven Analysis of 28 Provinces

1. Data Sources

All data were obtained from publicly released government websites covering the procurement of second‑class vaccines across Chinese provinces. The raw files were synchronized to a GitHub repository for anyone to download or submit issues/PRs.

2. Keywords Used for Crawling

省名 第二类疫苗 采购

省名 第二类疫苗 公示

省名 第二类疫苗 产品及价格

省名 第二类疫苗 供应商

省名 第二类疫苗 中标目录

省名 第二类疫苗 参考价

省名 第二类疫苗 入围结果

3. Collected Results

The author located procurement notices for 28 provincial administrations (excluding Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Shandong, Qinghai, and Tibet). Each entry lists the source document, for example “Beijing 2018‑2019 Immunization Planning Procurement Project”.

Beijing – source: 北京市2018‑2019年免疫规划用第二类疫苗采购项目

Tianjin – source: 天津市2018‑2020年第二类疫苗集中采购项目拟中标/拟中选结果

Shanghai – source: 2018年度上海市第二类疫苗集团采购项目中标目录

… (other provinces listed similarly) …

4. Data Cleaning

Because the original files were not uniformly in XLS format, they were converted into a unified CSV schema:

name, src, create_company, report_company, prov, year

Field meanings:

name – generic drug name

src – domestic or imported

create_company – manufacturer

report_company – reporting company (filled with manufacturer if empty)

prov – province

year – winning year

5. Data Analysis

Using pandas and echart, the 1529 records from 167 manufacturers were aggregated. Summary statistics:

count    167
mean      9.14
std      15.84
min       1
25%       1
50%       3
75%       9
max      98

The distribution is heavily right‑skewed; most vaccines are produced by a few large manufacturers. The top ten producers are:

北京科兴生物制品有限公司 – 98

长春长生生物科技有限责任公司 – 91

华兰生物疫苗有限公司 – 72

玉溪沃森生物技术有限公司 – 57

上海生物制品研究所有限责任公司 – 56

大连雅立峰生物制药有限公司 – 51

长春生物制品研究所有限责任公司 – 50

华北制药金坦生物技术股份有限公司 – 46

辽宁成大生物股份有限公司 – 44

北京智飞绿竹生物制药有限公司 – 43

The share of a single manufacturer (e.g., 长春长生) in each province ranges from about 10 % to 20 % in the 14 provinces where data were available.

6. Limitations

Data collection required over 7 hours and faced obstacles such as login‑required sites, dead links, image‑only notices, and missing provincial records (Shandong, Qinghai, Tibet). The current dataset covers roughly half of the provinces and will be updated on GitHub.

7. Conclusion

The analysis shows that vaccine procurement in China is dominated by a small number of manufacturers, with a pronounced skewed distribution. The publicly released data are fragmented, highlighting the need for more transparent and standardized reporting.