Understanding Different I/O Models: Blocking, Non‑Blocking, Multiplexing, and Asynchronous

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Before we start learning, let’s first understand the I/O models:

1) Synchronous Blocking I/O (Blocking I/O): the traditional I/O model.

2) Synchronous Non‑Blocking I/O (Non‑blocking I/O): sockets are created as blocking by default; non‑blocking I/O requires setting the socket to NONBLOCK. Note that the NIO mentioned here is not Java’s New I/O library.

3) I/O Multiplexing (IO Multiplexing): the classic Reactor design pattern, sometimes called asynchronous blocking I/O; Java’s Selector and Linux’s epoll are examples of this model (Redis’s single‑threaded speed is due to using I/O multiplexing and caching operations).

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4) Asynchronous I/O (Asynchronous I/O): the classic Proactor design pattern, also known as asynchronous non‑blocking I/O.

After reading this, you should have a new understanding of these I/O models; please like and share if you find it helpful.

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