Useful Python Code Snippets for Time, Data Formatting, JSON Fixing, URL Query Parsing, File Comments, INI Config, and Path Management

This article provides a set of ready‑to‑use Python utilities for everyday programming challenges.

1. Second‑level and millisecond‑level timestamp retrieval

# 获取当前秒级时间戳
def millisecond(add=0):
    return int(time.time()) + add
# 获取当前毫秒级时间戳
def millisecond_new():
    t = time.time()
    return int(round(t * 1000))

The two functions return the current time as a Unix timestamp in seconds or milliseconds; the first accepts an optional offset.

2. Current date string retrieval

def getNowTime(tianshu=0):
    shijian = int(time.strftime('%Y%m%d')) - tianshu
    print(shijian)
    return shijian

This function returns the current date in YYYYMMDD format and can subtract a given number of days.

3. Fixing JSON data without quotes

def json_json():
    with open("源文件地址", "r") as f, open("目标文件地址", "a+") as a:
        a.write("{")
        for line in f.readlines():
            if "[" in line.strip() or "{" in line.strip():
                formatted_line = "'" + line.strip().replace(":", "':").replace(" ", "") + ","
                print(formatted_line)  # 输出修复后的行
                a.write(formatted_line + "\n")
            else:
                formatted_line = "'" + line.strip().replace(":", "':'").replace(" ", "") + "',"
                print(formatted_line)  # 输出修复后的行
                a.write(formatted_line + "\n")
        a.write("}")

The function reads a raw JSON‑like file, adds missing quotes around keys and values, and writes a corrected JSON file.

4. Converting URL query strings to JSON (dictionary)

from urllib.parse import urlsplit, parse_qs

def query_json(url):
    query = urlsplit(url).query
    params = dict(parse_qs(query))
    cleaned_params = {k: v[0] for k, v in params.items()}
    return cleaned_params

This utility parses the query part of a URL and returns a dictionary with single values for each parameter.

5. Extracting first‑line comments from Python files

import os

def get_first_line_comments(directory, output_file):
    python_files = sorted([f for f in os.listdir(directory) if f.endswith('.py') and f != '__init__.py'])
    comments_and_files = []
    for file in python_files:
        filepath = os.path.join(directory, file)
        with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            first_line = f.readline().strip()
            if first_line.startswith('#'):
                comment = first_line[1:].strip()
                comments_and_files.append((file, comment))
    with open(output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as out:
        for filename, comment in comments_and_files:
            out.write(f"{filename}: {comment}\n")
# 示例用法
get_first_line_comments('指定文件夹', '指定生成文件路径.txt')

The function scans a directory for .py files, captures the leading comment line, and writes a mapping of filenames to comments.

6. Reading INI configuration files

import sys
import os
import configparser

class ReadConfig:
    def __init__(self, config_path):
        self.path = config_path
    def read_sqlConfig(self, fileName="sql.ini"):
        read_mysqlExecuteCon = configparser.ConfigParser()
        read_mysqlExecuteCon.read(os.path.join(self.path, fileName), encoding="utf-8")
        return read_mysqlExecuteCon._sections
    def read_hostsConfig(self, fileName="hosts.ini"):
        read_hostsCon = configparser.ConfigParser()
        read_hostsCon.read(os.path.join(self.path, fileName), encoding="utf-8")
        return read_hostsCon._sections
# 示例用法
config_reader = ReadConfig('配置文件所在路径')
sql_config = config_reader.read_sqlConfig()
hosts_config = config_reader.read_hostsConfig()["hosts"]

The ReadConfig class abstracts reading of sql.ini and hosts.ini files, returning their sections as dictionaries.

7. Setting a global file path relative to the project root

import os

def setFilePath(filePath):
    current_module_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
    project_root_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(current_module_path))
    path = os.path.join(project_root_path, filePath.lstrip('/'))
    return os.path.abspath(path)
# 示例用法
confPath = setFilePath("地址文件路径")

This helper computes an absolute path for a resource located under the project’s root directory, simplifying resource management.