Using Python's os, os.path, pathlib, and tempfile Modules for File System Operations

The import os current_directory = os.getcwd() print(f"当前目录: {current_directory}") snippet shows how to obtain the current working directory using the os module.

Subsequent examples illustrate listing directory contents ( files = os.listdir(current_directory) print(f"目录中的文件: {files}") ), joining paths ( path = os.path.join(current_directory, 'subdir', 'file.txt') print(f"拼接后的路径: {path}") ), splitting paths ( directory, filename = os.path.split(path) print(f"目录: {directory}, 文件名: {filename}") ), extracting filename and extension ( filename, extension = os.path.splitext(filename) print(f"文件名: {filename}, 扩展名: {extension}") ), checking existence ( exists = os.path.exists(path) print(f"路径存在: {exists}") ), and determining if a path is a file or directory ( is_file = os.path.isfile(path) is_dir = os.path.isdir(directory) print(f"是否为文件: {is_file}, 是否为目录: {is_dir}") ).

Directory creation and removal are demonstrated with new_directory = os.path.join(current_directory, 'new_subdir') os.makedirs(new_directory, exist_ok=True) print(f"创建目录: {new_directory}") os.rmdir(new_directory) print(f"删除目录: {new_directory}") .

The os.path module provides additional utilities such as normalizing paths ( normalized_path = os.path.normpath(path) print(f"规范化后的路径: {normalized_path}") ), obtaining absolute paths ( absolute_path = os.path.abspath(path) print(f"绝对路径: {absolute_path}") ), retrieving the parent directory ( parent_directory = os.path.dirname(path) print(f"父目录: {parent_directory}") ), getting the basename ( basename = os.path.basename(path) print(f"文件的基本名: {basename}") ), and checking if a path is absolute ( is_absolute = os.path.isabs(path) print(f"路径是否为绝对路径: {is_absolute}") ).

The pathlib module offers an object‑oriented approach: creating a Path object ( from pathlib import Path current_directory = Path('.') print(f"当前目录: {current_directory}") ), joining paths using the division operator ( path = current_directory / 'subdir' / 'file.txt' print(f"拼接后的路径: {path}") ), splitting ( directory = path.parent filename = path.name print(f"目录: {directory}, 文件名: {filename}") ), extracting stem and suffix ( stem = path.stem suffix = path.suffix print(f"文件名: {stem}, 扩展名: {suffix}") ), checking existence and type ( exists = path.exists() print(f"路径存在: {exists}") is_file = path.is_file() is_dir = path.is_dir() print(f"是否为文件: {is_file}, 是否为目录: {is_dir}") ), normalizing ( normalized_path = path.resolve() print(f"规范化后的路径: {normalized_path}") ), and obtaining parent and absolute paths ( parent_directory = path.parent print(f"父目录: {parent_directory}") absolute_path = path.absolute() print(f"绝对路径: {absolute_path}") ).

Creating and deleting directories with pathlib is shown via new_directory = current_directory / 'new_subdir' new_directory.mkdir(exist_ok=True) print(f"创建目录: {new_directory}") new_directory.rmdir() print(f"删除目录: {new_directory}") .

Relative and absolute path handling using path.relative_to(current_directory) and path.absolute() is demonstrated, and temporary files and directories are managed with the tempfile module ( import tempfile with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as temp: temp.write(b'Some data') temp.seek(0) print(temp.read().decode('utf-8')) with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir: print(f"临时目录: {temp_dir}") ).

In summary, the os module provides basic OS interaction, os.path extends path manipulation, pathlib offers an intuitive object‑oriented interface, and tempfile facilitates creation of temporary files and directories.