Using Python's os, os.path, pathlib, and tempfile Modules for File System Operations

The

import os
current_directory = os.getcwd()
print(f"当前目录: {current_directory}")

snippet shows how to obtain the current working directory using the os module.

Subsequent examples illustrate listing directory contents (

files = os.listdir(current_directory)
print(f"目录中的文件: {files}")

), joining paths (

path = os.path.join(current_directory, 'subdir', 'file.txt')
print(f"拼接后的路径: {path}")

), splitting paths (

directory, filename = os.path.split(path)
print(f"目录: {directory}, 文件名: {filename}")

), extracting filename and extension (

filename, extension = os.path.splitext(filename)
print(f"文件名: {filename}, 扩展名: {extension}")

), checking existence (

exists = os.path.exists(path)
print(f"路径存在: {exists}")

), and determining if a path is a file or directory (

is_file = os.path.isfile(path)
is_dir = os.path.isdir(directory)
print(f"是否为文件: {is_file}, 是否为目录: {is_dir}")

).

Directory creation and removal are demonstrated with

new_directory = os.path.join(current_directory, 'new_subdir')
os.makedirs(new_directory, exist_ok=True)
print(f"创建目录: {new_directory}")
os.rmdir(new_directory)
print(f"删除目录: {new_directory}")

.

The os.path module provides additional utilities such as normalizing paths (

normalized_path = os.path.normpath(path)
print(f"规范化后的路径: {normalized_path}")

), obtaining absolute paths (

absolute_path = os.path.abspath(path)
print(f"绝对路径: {absolute_path}")

), retrieving the parent directory (

parent_directory = os.path.dirname(path)
print(f"父目录: {parent_directory}")

), getting the basename (

basename = os.path.basename(path)
print(f"文件的基本名: {basename}")

), and checking if a path is absolute (

is_absolute = os.path.isabs(path)
print(f"路径是否为绝对路径: {is_absolute}")

).

The pathlib module offers an object‑oriented approach: creating a Path object (

from pathlib import Path
current_directory = Path('.')
print(f"当前目录: {current_directory}")

), joining paths using the division operator (

path = current_directory / 'subdir' / 'file.txt'
print(f"拼接后的路径: {path}")

), splitting (

directory = path.parent
filename = path.name
print(f"目录: {directory}, 文件名: {filename}")

), extracting stem and suffix (

stem = path.stem
suffix = path.suffix
print(f"文件名: {stem}, 扩展名: {suffix}")

), checking existence and type (

exists = path.exists()
print(f"路径存在: {exists}")
is_file = path.is_file()
is_dir = path.is_dir()
print(f"是否为文件: {is_file}, 是否为目录: {is_dir}")

), normalizing (

normalized_path = path.resolve()
print(f"规范化后的路径: {normalized_path}")

), and obtaining parent and absolute paths (

parent_directory = path.parent
print(f"父目录: {parent_directory}")
absolute_path = path.absolute()
print(f"绝对路径: {absolute_path}")

).

Creating and deleting directories with pathlib is shown via

new_directory = current_directory / 'new_subdir'
new_directory.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
print(f"创建目录: {new_directory}")
new_directory.rmdir()
print(f"删除目录: {new_directory}")

.

Relative and absolute path handling using path.relative_to(current_directory) and path.absolute() is demonstrated, and temporary files and directories are managed with the tempfile module (

import tempfile
with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as temp:
    temp.write(b'Some data')
    temp.seek(0)
    print(temp.read().decode('utf-8'))
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
    print(f"临时目录: {temp_dir}")

).

In summary, the os module provides basic OS interaction, os.path extends path manipulation, pathlib offers an intuitive object‑oriented interface, and tempfile facilitates creation of temporary files and directories.