Various Ways to Concatenate Strings in Python

Plus Concatenation

First method using the + operator:

<code>>> a, b = 'hello', ' world'
>>> a + b
'hello world'</code>

Comma Concatenation

Second method using a comma in print :

<code>>> a, b = 'hello', ' world'
>>> print(a, b)
hello  world</code>

Note that using a comma creates a tuple when assigning:

<code>>> a, b
('hello', ' world')</code>

Direct Concatenation

Third method, direct adjacency works with or without spaces:

<code>print('hello'          ' world')
print('hello''world')</code>

Percent Operator

Fourth method using the % operator, historically the only formatting method before Python 2.6:

<code>print('%s %s' % ('hello', 'world'))</code>

format Method

Fifth method using the format method:

<code>print('{}{}'.format('hello', ' world'))</code>

join Method

Sixth method using the built‑in join method:

<code>print('-'.join(['aa', 'bb', 'cc']))</code>

f‑string

Seventh method using f‑strings (Python 3.6+):

<code>>> aa, bb = 'hello', 'world'
>>> f'{aa} {bb}'
'hello world'</code>

Multiplication Operator

Eighth method using the * operator:

<code>>> aa = 'hello '
>>> aa * 3
'hello hello hello '</code>

Summary

For concatenating a small number of strings, the + operator is recommended. If performance is critical and you are using Python 3.6 or newer, f‑strings provide better readability. When dealing with many strings, prefer join (or f‑strings) depending on the Python version and readability requirements.