What the 2019 Stack Overflow Survey Says About Tech Choices, Work Hours & Salaries
The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey of over 90,000 respondents reveals the most popular programming languages, frameworks and tools, typical work hours, industry distribution, job‑change frequency, age and experience demographics, and how language choice and seniority affect developer salaries worldwide.
Stack Overflow’s 9th annual Developer Survey 2019 collected responses from more than 90,000 developers worldwide. The report analyzes technology usage, work habits, demographics, and compensation.
Technology
The most widely used languages are JavaScript, HTML/CSS, SQL, Python and Java, with JavaScript leading for the seventh consecutive year. Python surged to the fourth spot, overtaking Java. Rust remains the most loved language, followed by Python.
jQuery is the most popular framework, while Spring ranks sixth. MySQL is the top database, and Redis is the favorite non‑relational database.
Development tools are dominated by IntelliJ (4th) and Eclipse (8th), with IntelliJ gaining one rank and Eclipse dropping one compared to the previous year.
Work
More than half of respondents work 40‑44 hours per week (≈8‑9 hours per day). Only about 2% work the extreme 72‑hour “996” schedule.
The most common industry is “Other”, followed by IT, finance, SaaS, and web development.
When changing jobs, over 30% have switched within the past year.
When choosing a job, the majority prioritize the company’s tech stack, then work environment, culture, and flexible hours; salary is less decisive.
Over 70% of developers perform code reviews, mainly because they see its value.
Developers
Age distribution: ~50% are 20‑30, ~30% are 30‑40, and ~15% are over 40, showing many developers continue beyond age 30.
Experience: Over 20% have ≤5 years of programming experience; more than half have ≤10 years of work experience.
More than 80% consider programming a hobby they enjoy.
Salary
Annual salary rises with years of experience, but certain developer types earn more at the same seniority, especially data scientists, engineers, and DevOps/SRE roles.
Languages such as Clojure, Scala, Go, Rust and R command higher salaries, while PHP, VBA and similar languages tend to pay less even with extensive experience.
Java developers earn about $52k on average, the lowest among surveyed languages; higher‑paying languages include Clojure, F#, Go, and Scala.
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