Why Python Leads the 2023 TIOBE Index and What the Rankings Reveal
The February TIOBE Programming Community Index shows Python reclaiming the top spot for the fifth time, highlights a shift from Alexa to Similarweb for data collection, and provides detailed rankings and trends for the top 100 programming languages, offering developers insight into language popularity and future considerations.
In the latest TIOBE Programming Community Index for February, Python claimed the top spot for the fifth time (previously 2007, 2010, 2018, 2020), while C and Java each rose by 1%.
TIOBE switched its reference engine from the discontinued Alexa to Similarweb, with only minor changes to the rankings. CEO Paul Jansen noted ongoing integration with Similarweb and a backend shift to HtmlUnit, which will soon incorporate additional sites such as Stack Overflow and GitHub.
Top 20 Programming Languages
Among the top five, all languages increased except C, which fell 2.26 points; C has been on a three‑month decline, while Python rose 4.47 points.
Top 10 Programming Languages – TIOBE Index Trend (2002‑2022)
Programming Languages Ranked 21‑50
Languages Ranked 51‑100 (Alphabetical)
ActionScript, Alice, APL, Arc, AspectJ, Avenue, B4X, bc, BCPL, Bourne shell, C shell, C++/CLI, CLIPS, Dylan, Elixir, Elm, Erlang, F#, Icon, IDL, Inform, Io, J#, Korn shell, Lingo, M4, MEL, MQL4, MUMPS, Nim, Oberon, OCaml, OpenCL, Oz, Pike, Pure Data, Q, Racket, REXX, Ring, Simulink, Snap!, Solidity, SPARK, Stata, Tcl, Transact‑SQL, VHDL, XBase++, Xojo
Historical Top Ten Rankings (12‑Month Average)
Important Notes
1. The “Visual Basic” and “(Visual) Basic” entries are distinguished; prior to 2010 they covered all Basic dialects. The list now separates dialects such as Visual Basic .NET, Classic Visual Basic, PureBasic, and Small Basic, with Visual Basic .NET being the primary implementation.
2. SQL was absent from the TIOBE index for several years until 2018, when it was reinstated after being recognized as Turing‑complete.
Annual Programming Language List
The TIOBE Programming Community Index is a monthly popularity metric based on the number of engineers, courses, and third‑party vendors worldwide, using search engines such as Google, Bing, Yahoo, Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube, and Baidu. Detailed methodology is available on the TIOBE website.
While the index does not measure language quality, developers can use it to assess whether their skill set needs updating or to help choose a language for new software projects.
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