Why Python Still Dominates and C# Surges in IEEE’s 2021 Language Rankings
The IEEE Spectrum 2021 programming language ranking shows Python retaining the overall lead while C# jumps dramatically to sixth place, highlighting shifts in developer demand across web, enterprise, mobile, and embedded domains based on data from eight major sources.
IEEE Spectrum released its 2021 programming language ranking, with Python retaining the overall top spot.
Data were collected from eight sources (CareerBuilder, GitHub, Google, Hacker News, IEEE, Reddit, Stack Overflow, Twitter) across eleven metrics.
The ranking covers four language categories: Web, Enterprise, Mobile, Embedded, and five ranking types: Overall, Trending, Jobs, Open, Custom.
In the top‑10 list, Python, Java, C, C++, and JavaScript remain, while C# jumps from 23rd in 2020 to 6th in 2021, and HTML enters the top‑10.
Trending rankings show Python leading, followed by Java, C, JavaScript, C++, Go, R, HTML, C# and SQL; Arduino, Dart and Swift drop out.
Job‑demand rankings list Python first, C second, then Java, JavaScript and C++; Swift is replaced by C#.
In open‑source projects, Python stays first, and Arduino is replaced by C#.
C#’s rise is attributed to the release of C# 9.0, upcoming Windows 11, and growing interest in distributed systems where C# excels.
The full ranking tables are shown in the accompanying charts.
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