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Apr 13, 2026 · Artificial Intelligence

How French Researchers Used Deep Learning to Predict 2.39 Million Anti‑Phage Proteins and Map Bacterial Immunity

A French team at the Pasteur Institute built three complementary deep‑learning models—ALBERT_DF, ESM_DF, and GeneCLR_DF—to predict anti‑phage proteins at genome scale, achieving 99% precision and 92% recall, and uncovered roughly 2.39 million candidate proteins and 23 000 novel operon families, dramatically expanding the known bacterial antiviral repertoire.