Baidu Geek Talk

Feb 9, 2026 · Databases

How Mantle Redefined Cloud Object Storage Metadata for Billion‑File Scale

This article recounts how Baidu's storage team tackled the performance and scalability limits of traditional object storage by redesigning metadata handling with the Mantle and MantleX architectures, introducing a centralized IndexNode, strong consistency, delta‑record writes, and a seamless single‑node to distributed transition for massive file systems.