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Ray's Galactic Tech
Ray's Galactic Tech
Jan 7, 2026 · Backend Development

Why Netty Servers Accumulate CLOSE_WAIT Connections and How to Fix Them

Netty services can accumulate CLOSE_WAIT sockets when the server fails to close its side of the socket, leading to resource exhaustion and potential service collapse; this article explains the TCP state machine, common code pitfalls, kernel tuning, defensive handlers, and a comprehensive checklist to prevent and resolve the issue.

CLOSE_WAITConnection ManagementJava
0 likes · 8 min read
Why Netty Servers Accumulate CLOSE_WAIT Connections and How to Fix Them
Raymond Ops
Raymond Ops
Oct 8, 2025 · Fundamentals

Master TCP Handshakes: The Simplest Guide to 3‑Way and 4‑Way Connections

This comprehensive tutorial explains TCP's connection establishment and termination processes, covering protocol features, key flag definitions, step‑by‑step three‑way handshake and four‑way teardown, common interview questions, TIME_WAIT details, abnormal scenarios, and a Wireshark packet‑capture walkthrough.

Connection ManagementHandshakeTCP
0 likes · 11 min read
Master TCP Handshakes: The Simplest Guide to 3‑Way and 4‑Way Connections
Alibaba Cloud Native
Alibaba Cloud Native
Jul 26, 2025 · Cloud Native

How OpenKruiseGame Solves the Last Mile of Cloud‑Native Game Connection Governance

This article explains how cloud‑native game services can achieve precise, state‑aware connection management and graceful shutdown by combining OpenKruiseGame with a cloud‑native API gateway, detailing the challenges of seven‑layer networking, the custom lifecycle hooks, deployment steps, and the benefits of zero‑downtime configuration changes.

Cloud NativeConnection ManagementOpenKruiseGame
0 likes · 11 min read
How OpenKruiseGame Solves the Last Mile of Cloud‑Native Game Connection Governance
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Jun 30, 2025 · Operations

Why TIME_WAIT Connections Exhaust Your Server and How to Fix Them

TIME_WAIT is a TCP state that appears on the side actively closing a connection; when many sockets linger in this state, ports are exhausted, causing connection failures, and the article explains typical scenarios, underlying causes, kernel limits, and practical client‑ and server‑side solutions.

Connection ManagementKernel ParametersLinux
0 likes · 5 min read
Why TIME_WAIT Connections Exhaust Your Server and How to Fix Them
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Jun 22, 2025 · Databases

How KeyDB Transforms Redis with Multi‑Threading: Architecture & Locks

KeyDB, a Redis fork, replaces the single‑threaded design with a multi‑threaded architecture using a main thread and worker I/O threads, SO_REUSEPORT, per‑thread connection lists, fastlock spin‑lock mechanisms, asynchronous pipelines, and active‑replica support, enabling higher concurrency while remaining 100 % Redis‑compatible.

Connection ManagementKeyDBdatabase
0 likes · 8 min read
How KeyDB Transforms Redis with Multi‑Threading: Architecture & Locks
Code Mala Tang
Code Mala Tang
May 27, 2025 · Backend Development

Mastering Database Connections in FastAPI: Best Practices and Code Samples

Learn how to efficiently configure and manage database connections in FastAPI, covering synchronous and asynchronous setups, dependency injection, session handling, and testing strategies, to prevent leaks, boost performance, and ensure scalable, reliable applications.

AsyncConnection ManagementFastAPI
0 likes · 8 min read
Mastering Database Connections in FastAPI: Best Practices and Code Samples
360 Zhihui Cloud Developer
360 Zhihui Cloud Developer
Apr 27, 2025 · Databases

Why MySQL Memory Stays High and How to Optimize It

This article explains MySQL's memory architecture, why memory usage often stays high after spikes, and provides practical steps—including connection checks, slow query analysis, workload scaling, and switching to jemalloc—to diagnose and reduce memory consumption on 360's internal cloud platform.

Connection ManagementDatabase PerformanceMemory Optimization
0 likes · 7 min read
Why MySQL Memory Stays High and How to Optimize It
macrozheng
macrozheng
Feb 6, 2025 · Databases

How KeyDB Transforms Redis into a Multi‑Threaded Database

KeyDB, a Redis fork, replaces the single‑threaded architecture with a multi‑threaded model using a main thread and worker I/O threads, SO_REUSEPORT, per‑thread connection management, fastlock spin‑lock mechanisms, and active‑replica support, enabling concurrent data access and improved performance.

Connection ManagementKeyDBlocking
0 likes · 9 min read
How KeyDB Transforms Redis into a Multi‑Threaded Database
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Oct 29, 2024 · Fundamentals

Why Does TCP Keep Connections in TIME_WAIT? Uncover the Hidden Risks

This article explains the TCP state machine, details the four-way handshake, analyzes why the TIME_WAIT state lasts for two MSL intervals, and illustrates two critical problems caused by delayed packets and missing ACKs, providing examples and code snippets for deeper understanding.

Connection ManagementFour-way HandshakeMSL
0 likes · 11 min read
Why Does TCP Keep Connections in TIME_WAIT? Uncover the Hidden Risks
Java Captain
Java Captain
Feb 16, 2024 · Fundamentals

Understanding TCP: Concepts, Operation, and Key Features

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented, reliable, byte-stream transport layer protocol that ensures ordered, error-free data delivery through mechanisms such as three-way handshake, four-way termination, flow control, and congestion control, making it essential for web browsing, email, and online gaming.

Connection ManagementNetworkingReliability
0 likes · 4 min read
Understanding TCP: Concepts, Operation, and Key Features
Java Architect Essentials
Java Architect Essentials
Sep 6, 2023 · Backend Development

Understanding Spring Boot 2.7.10’s Embedded Tomcat: Defaults, Thread Pools, and Connection Limits

This article examines Spring Boot 2.7.10’s embedded Tomcat configuration, detailing default connection queue sizes, thread pool parameters, key Tomcat settings such as AcceptCount and MaxConnections, internal thread components, and practical testing results that reveal how connection limits affect client‑server handshakes.

Backend DevelopmentConnection ManagementSpring Boot
0 likes · 15 min read
Understanding Spring Boot 2.7.10’s Embedded Tomcat: Defaults, Thread Pools, and Connection Limits
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Aug 1, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding TCP vs UDP: Reliable and Unreliable Transport Explained

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the transport layer, explaining how TCP and UDP differ in reliability, connection management, port usage, handshake processes, sequence numbers, acknowledgments, retransmission, window and flow control, as well as congestion handling.

Connection ManagementNetwork ProtocolsPort Numbers
0 likes · 23 min read
Understanding TCP vs UDP: Reliable and Unreliable Transport Explained
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 8, 2023 · Backend Development

WebSocket Load Balancing Library for Microservice Architecture

This article introduces a Spring Boot library that uses a configuration annotation to enable WebSocket load balancing across microservice instances, explains its abstract design, connection management, message routing, and provides usage examples with code snippets while also mentioning related promotional content.

Connection ManagementJavaMicroservices
0 likes · 14 min read
WebSocket Load Balancing Library for Microservice Architecture
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Apr 22, 2023 · Databases

Mastering pt‑kill: Safely Terminate Problematic MySQL Connections

This guide explains what pt‑kill is, how it works within Percona Toolkit to kill MySQL connections based on execution time and various filters, demonstrates command‑line usage, victim‑selection modes, filtering options, source‑code logic, and common patterns such as logging and daemonizing.

Connection ManagementPT-killmysql
0 likes · 12 min read
Mastering pt‑kill: Safely Terminate Problematic MySQL Connections
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Mar 12, 2022 · Fundamentals

Comprehensive Guide to TCP: Header Structure, Handshakes, Connection Management, and Socket Programming

This article provides an in‑depth tutorial on TCP, covering its header structure, three‑way handshake, reasons for three handshakes, four‑way termination, TIME_WAIT, SYN attacks, Linux kernel parameters, and practical socket programming examples, all illustrated with diagrams and code snippets.

Connection ManagementHandshakeNetworking
0 likes · 43 min read
Comprehensive Guide to TCP: Header Structure, Handshakes, Connection Management, and Socket Programming
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Jan 12, 2022 · Backend Development

Connection Management in ZhiZhi RPC Framework SCF

This article explains how the ZhiZhi RPC framework SCF handles connection lifecycle, including establishment timing, connection pooling versus multiplexing, keep‑alive mechanisms, automatic recovery, and graceful shutdown, providing practical guidance for designing robust RPC protocols.

Connection ManagementKeep-AliveNetty
0 likes · 11 min read
Connection Management in ZhiZhi RPC Framework SCF
JavaEdge
JavaEdge
Dec 5, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding TCP: OSI Layers, Header Fields, Handshakes and Common Issues

This article explains TCP fundamentals, covering its role in the OSI model, header structure, three‑way handshake, four‑way termination, typical connection problems, and how various TCP states transition, providing a solid foundation for both client and server developers.

Connection ManagementHandshakeTCP
0 likes · 22 min read
Understanding TCP: OSI Layers, Header Fields, Handshakes and Common Issues
ITPUB
ITPUB
Apr 21, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding TCP: From Three‑Way Handshake to Four‑Way Teardown and State Transitions

This article explains TCP's connection‑oriented behavior, detailing the three‑way handshake for establishing a connection, the four‑step termination process, various state transitions, half‑open/half‑close scenarios, simultaneous open/close, initial sequence numbers, and the role of RST and TIME_WAIT.

Connection ManagementFour-way terminationTCP
0 likes · 19 min read
Understanding TCP: From Three‑Way Handshake to Four‑Way Teardown and State Transitions
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jan 5, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding HTTP: Characteristics, Connection Management, and Performance Optimizations

This article explains the core characteristics of the HTTP protocol—including its flexibility, reliability, application‑layer nature, request‑response model, and statelessness—and then details short and long connection management, related header fields, head‑of‑line blocking, and practical performance‑enhancing techniques such as concurrent connections and domain sharding.

Connection ManagementHTTPlong-connection
0 likes · 17 min read
Understanding HTTP: Characteristics, Connection Management, and Performance Optimizations
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jan 3, 2021 · Fundamentals

Why HTTP Still Rules: Key Features, Connection Types, and Performance Tips

This article explains HTTP's core characteristics—flexibility, reliability, application‑layer nature, request‑response model, and statelessness—then dives into short‑ and long‑connection management, head‑of‑line blocking, and practical optimization techniques such as concurrent connections and domain sharding.

Connection ManagementHTTPlong-connection
0 likes · 17 min read
Why HTTP Still Rules: Key Features, Connection Types, and Performance Tips
JavaEdge
JavaEdge
Jul 4, 2020 · Databases

How MySQL Executes a Query: From Connection to Execution Engine

This article explains MySQL’s internal workflow, covering the Server layer components, Storage Engine layer, connection handling, query cache behavior, lexical and syntax parsing, optimization decisions, and execution steps, including tips for long‑connection management and common pitfalls.

Connection ManagementDatabase InternalsQuery Execution
0 likes · 9 min read
How MySQL Executes a Query: From Connection to Execution Engine
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Oct 20, 2019 · Databases

How KeyDB Transforms Redis into a Multi‑Threaded Database

This article explains how KeyDB, a Redis fork, redesigns the single‑threaded architecture into a multi‑threaded model with worker threads, per‑thread connection management, a custom fastlock mechanism, and an active‑replica mode that enables writable replicas and conflict‑resolution using timestamps.

Connection ManagementKeyDBLock
0 likes · 7 min read
How KeyDB Transforms Redis into a Multi‑Threaded Database
Aikesheng Open Source Community
Aikesheng Open Source Community
Aug 23, 2019 · Backend Development

In-depth Analysis of DBLE Backend Connection Module Design and Implementation

This article provides a comprehensive examination of DBLE's backend connection module, detailing its design philosophy, data structures, initialization process, connection acquisition logic, and release mechanisms, while walking through key Java source code snippets to clarify how connections are managed within the middleware.

Connection ManagementDBLEJava
0 likes · 23 min read
In-depth Analysis of DBLE Backend Connection Module Design and Implementation
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jun 28, 2018 · Backend Development

Architecture and High‑Concurrency Optimization Practices of NetEase IM Cloud Service

This article explains the layered architecture, connection management, high‑availability design, security mechanisms, and performance‑boosting techniques of NetEase's instant‑messaging cloud platform, illustrating how the system handles massive concurrent connections and ensures stable, fast, and secure message delivery.

Cloud ServicesConnection ManagementInstant Messaging
0 likes · 18 min read
Architecture and High‑Concurrency Optimization Practices of NetEase IM Cloud Service
360 Zhihui Cloud Developer
360 Zhihui Cloud Developer
Aug 22, 2017 · Databases

Mastering MongoDB Connection, Authentication, and Query Optimization

This article explains common MongoDB connection problems, authentication mechanisms, read‑preference tuning, index types and creation, query‑plan analysis, pagination techniques, and array handling, offering practical tips to improve performance and reliability for developers.

AuthenticationConnection ManagementIndex Optimization
0 likes · 9 min read
Mastering MongoDB Connection, Authentication, and Query Optimization