This article translates and consolidates Oracle Real Application Clusters 19c Technical Architecture, using 41 detailed diagrams to explain RAC concepts, configurations, cluster components, storage options, tools, and management commands for building and operating high‑availability Oracle databases.
An in‑depth guide compares three MySQL high‑availability solutions—MHA, Percona XtraDB Cluster, and Galera Cluster—detailing their architectures, pros and cons, deployment scenarios, and best‑practice recommendations to help engineers choose the optimal HA strategy for their workloads.
This guide walks through the complete process of creating a MySQL dual‑master replication cluster, configuring replication users, synchronizing binary logs, setting up keepalived for virtual IP failover, and testing both data consistency and high‑availability monitoring.
This guide walks through setting up a Percona XtraDB Cluster (PXC) version 5.7.43 on three Docker‑installed machines, configuring hostnames, loading images, creating a Swarm overlay network, deploying the cluster, adjusting MySQL settings, handling common failures, and adding load balancing with Nginx or HAProxy.
This article introduces repmgr, an open‑source PostgreSQL replication manager, covering its architecture, election mechanism, core tools, metadata tables, installation steps, command syntax, configuration options, and common operations for building high‑availability database clusters.
This article explains why scaling is necessary, outlines hardware and component expansion strategies, introduces the AKF partitioning principle for horizontal and vertical scaling, discusses challenges after splitting, and reviews database clustering and distributed ID generation techniques such as UUID and Snowflake, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks.
This article explains why capacity expansion is necessary, outlines hardware and component scaling strategies, introduces the AKF splitting principle for Redis clusters, discusses challenges of distributed scaling such as data consistency and high concurrency, and reviews database clustering and distributed ID generation methods like UUID and Snowflake.
The article explains why performance optimization has limits and outlines practical scaling methods—including whole‑machine and component upgrades, AKF splitting, database clustering, distributed ID generation (UUID and Snowflake), and elastic scaling—while also discussing the challenges each approach introduces.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of large‑scale distributed website architecture, covering its characteristics, design goals, architectural patterns, performance, high‑availability, scalability, extensibility, security, agility, evolution stages, and practical implementation techniques such as caching, load balancing, database sharding, service‑orientation and message queues.
This article compares the legacy MHA solution with the modern open‑source Xenon tool, explaining Xenon's Raft‑based architecture, automatic leader election, GTID integration, and enterprise‑grade features that make it a superior high‑availability option for MySQL deployments.
This article explains the principles, architecture models, and concrete implementations of high‑availability for MySQL and PostgreSQL, covering data‑sync modules, HA management, unified access, and cloud‑native considerations with detailed examples and best‑practice recommendations.
This tutorial explains how to set up MySQL master‑slave replication, configure MyCat as a database middleware, install and configure MyCat, and integrate it with a SpringBoot application using dynamic data sources and AOP to achieve transparent read‑write separation.
This article documents an experiment using three virtual machines running MySQL 5.7.20 MGR to capture and analyze network traffic with a custom Wireshark dissector, revealing how the primary node updates views, removes a failed node, and re‑establishes cluster state after a crash.
Apache ShardingSphere, the open‑source distributed database middleware originally contributed by Dangdang and now backed by the Apache Software Foundation, has graduated to a top‑level Apache project, showcasing its evolution from a simple JDBC sharding driver to a comprehensive ecosystem with JDBC, Proxy, and Sidecar components, adopted by over 120 companies.
In this interview, Qunar.com’s database director Wang Zhufeng shares his six‑year journey, discusses the significance of the DTCC conference, outlines the evolution of Qunar’s MySQL architecture toward clustering, cloud‑native solutions, and data consistency, and offers advice for aspiring database engineers.
This guide explains why a single MySQL server is a bottleneck, how to form a clustered master‑slave architecture, the binlog and GTID replication mechanisms, step‑by‑step configuration commands, and the trade‑offs of each approach.
The article outlines the architecture of large‑scale internet application platforms, detailing essential subsystems such as web front‑ends, load balancing, database clusters, caching, distributed storage, server management, and code deployment, and explains how they work together to achieve high availability, performance, and scalability.
The guide outlines a scalable, globally unified architecture for WeChat mini-games—combining stateless compute layers with CLB, auto-scaling, a star-router model for peer communication, and horizontally-sharded storage using Tencent Cloud’s DCDB or TCaplus to handle rapid viral growth.
This step‑by‑step guide explains how to set up a high‑availability MySQL InnoDB Cluster across four Linux servers, covering sandbox testing, installing MySQL, MySQL Shell, and MySQL Router, configuring each node, creating the cluster, adding instances, and connecting clients via the router.
MongoDB replicaSet offers various node roles—including data, arbiter, hidden, voting, and delayed nodes—each with distinct advantages and constraints, and the article explains their purposes, best‑practice configurations, and how to add them using appropriate rs commands for robust, automated failover.
The article reviews WeChat’s newly open‑sourced PhxSQL, a MySQL clustering solution that promises high availability and strong consistency, examines its complex architecture with added Phxbinlogsvr and Phxsqlproxy components, and discusses practical concerns such as deployment difficulty, replication latency, lack of multi‑master writes, semi‑synchronous behavior, and monitoring challenges.
PhxSQL is an open‑source, MySQL‑compatible relational database cluster that uses a Paxos‑based log store and a three‑layer architecture (Phxbinlogsvr, Phxsqlproxy, Phxsync) to provide automatic master failover, strong data consistency, and improved write performance compared to MySQL semi‑synchronous replication.
This article details a MySQL high‑availability solution built on Pacemaker, Corosync and MHA, explains why earlier keepalived‑based designs suffered split‑brain issues, and walks through the architecture, quorum handling, resource agents, failover workflow, testing methodology, and practical lessons learned.
This article outlines the architecture of large‑scale dynamic web applications, detailing essential subsystems such as the web front‑end, load balancer, database cluster, caching layer, distributed storage, server management, and code deployment, and explains how they work together to ensure reliability, scalability, and maintainability.
This article explains how large‑scale internet applications can overcome database bottlenecks by using load‑balancing clusters, implementing read/write separation, and applying vertical or horizontal sharding, while outlining each method's principles, implementation steps, advantages, and drawbacks.
This article explores the importance of database clustering in modern information systems, outlines the challenges of performance, availability, and scalability, and compares Share‑Disk and Share‑Nothing architectures along with their advantages, drawbacks, and real‑world implementations.
This article examines Redis clustering techniques, compares client‑side sharding, proxy sharding, and Redis Cluster, critiques Twemproxy's limitations, and presents Codis's architecture, performance benchmarks, and practical tips for seamless migration and high‑availability in modern operations.
This article explains how large‑scale dynamic web applications are built from core subsystems—including web front‑end, load balancing, database clustering, caching, distributed storage, server management, and code deployment—to achieve reliability, scalability, and maintainability for high‑traffic sites.
This article reviews common Redis clustering methods, compares Twemproxy and Codis, presents Codis’s architecture and performance test results, and offers migration, HA, pipeline, and operational guidance for using Codis as a Redis distributed middleware solution.
