Germany's digital‑sovereignty strategy designates the OpenDocument Format as the sole official standard for government documents, phasing out Microsoft Office's OOXML formats and impacting millions of civil servants while prompting IT vendors to adapt.
Chinese state‑owned and central enterprises are rapidly adopting Linux to eliminate reliance on foreign operating systems, cut massive licensing costs, foster a domestic software ecosystem, and ensure national digital security amid geopolitical tensions.
The French government has announced a mandatory migration of all public‑sector workstations from Windows to a custom Linux distribution called FranceOS, aiming for full deployment by 2027 to achieve digital sovereignty, cost savings, and a unified open‑source software stack.
In April 2026, France's digital agency DINUM announced a sweeping migration of 80,000 civil‑service workers from Windows, Teams, and other US‑based tools to Linux and home‑grown open‑source alternatives, driven by digital sovereignty, cost savings, and technical independence, while outlining a three‑phase rollout and its broader impact on the Linux ecosystem.
Denmark’s Digital Agency is abandoning Microsoft services in favor of Linux and LibreOffice, rolling out the transition in two phases by late 2025 to strengthen digital sovereignty and reduce reliance on foreign tech vendors, reflecting a broader European push for open‑source public infrastructure.
Switzerland’s new EMBAG law forces all public sector agencies to release the source code of software they develop or commission, barring third‑party copyright or security concerns, marking a bold shift toward open‑source, digital sovereignty and greater transparency that could inspire similar moves worldwide.
