Tagged articles

four-way handshake

5 articles · Page 1 of 1

Sep 25, 2026 · Fundamentals

TCP Explained in 28 Diagrams: Handshakes, Congestion Control & Reliable Transmission

This article uses 28 diagrams to comprehensively explain TCP, covering network layering, TCP header structure, byte-stream orientation, reliable transmission mechanisms (sliding window, ARQ, acknowledgments), congestion control algorithms (slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit/recovery), three-way handshake and four-way termination, UDP comparison, and practical issues like packet fragmentation, sticky packets, and SYN flood attacks.

SYN floodTCPUDP

0 likes · 27 min read

TCP Explained in 28 Diagrams: Handshakes, Congestion Control & Reliable Transmission

Open Source Linux

Oct 29, 2024 · Fundamentals

Why Does TCP Keep Connections in TIME_WAIT? Uncover the Hidden Risks

This article explains the TCP state machine, details the four-way handshake, analyzes why the TIME_WAIT state lasts for two MSL intervals, and illustrates two critical problems caused by delayed packets and missing ACKs, providing examples and code snippets for deeper understanding.

MSLTCPconnection management

0 likes · 11 min read

Why Does TCP Keep Connections in TIME_WAIT? Uncover the Hidden Risks

Java Tech Enthusiast

May 4, 2024 · Fundamentals

Understanding HTTP and TCP: From URL to Browser Rendering

The article walks through every step from typing a URL to final page rendering, detailing URL parsing, DNS lookup, TCP three‑way handshake and termination, HTTP request/response structure, congestion and flow control mechanisms, and the browser’s DOM, CSS, layout and painting processes.

DNSHTTPTCP

0 likes · 13 min read

Understanding HTTP and TCP: From URL to Browser Rendering

MaGe Linux Operations

Feb 25, 2024 · Backend Development

Mastering TCP Socket APIs: Server & Client Functions Explained

This article explains the TCP socket programming interface, detailing server and client API functions, their purposes, the three‑way handshake, state transitions, data transmission, segmentation, sticky‑packet issues, and the four‑way termination process, providing code examples and diagrams for clear understanding.

Socket APITCPfour-way handshake

0 likes · 14 min read

Mastering TCP Socket APIs: Server & Client Functions Explained

MaGe Linux Operations

Apr 15, 2018 · Fundamentals

Why Does TCP Need a Three‑Way Handshake and a Four‑Way Teardown?

This article explains why TCP requires a three‑way handshake to establish connections and a four‑step termination process, using a relatable video‑call scenario and detailed protocol diagrams to illustrate the underlying mechanisms and practical rules for confirming audio transmission.

TCPfour-way handshakenetwork protocol

0 likes · 10 min read

Why Does TCP Need a Three‑Way Handshake and a Four‑Way Teardown?