This article introduces the ten most important new features of PHP 8.1—including enums, fibers, the never return type, readonly properties, final class constants, array_is_list(), fsync/fdatasync, string‑key array unpacking, the $_FILES full_path key, and the IntlDatePatternGenerator class—each explained with clear code examples.
This article explains the differences and purposes of Linux I/O flushing mechanisms—including fsync(), fdatasync(), sync(), the O_DIRECT and O_SYNC open flags, and the REQ_PREFLUSH and REQ_FUA bio request flags—illustrated with dd experiments, kernel flag tables, and practical commands for managing disk write caches.
This article explains how Linux write operations work internally, detailing how data flows from user space through the kernel's page cache to disk, including the timing of actual disk writes and kernel parameters that control writeback behavior.
This article breaks down Linux file I/O from high‑level architecture to low‑level system calls, explains how data moves through application buffers, C library buffers, page cache and disk, and offers practical tips for improving throughput, consistency, and safety.
